教師著作
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/37073
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Item Intergenerational relations and life satisfaction among older women in Taiwan(2011-06-01) Lin, Ju-Ping; Tse-Fan Chang; Chiu-Hua HuangThis study examined the relationship between intergenerational relations and life satisfaction among older women (aged 55 years and older) in Taiwan. According to intergenerational solidarity theory, intergenerational relations are dictated by various components: living arrangements, intergenerational support exchange, intergenerational affection, and intergenerational norms. Data were obtained from the 2006 Taiwan Social Change Survey (N= 281). The main results show that intergenerational relations have a significant effect on the life satisfaction of older women. Western studies have found that playing the giver's role increases the life satisfaction of older people. However, the present study found that being mainly a recipient of support from adult children is related to a higher level of life satisfaction among older Taiwanese women. This study also underscores the importance of the emotional component in intergenerational relations to the well-being of older people. In Taiwan, stronger emotional bonds with adult children increases older women's life satisfaction.Item 臺灣與美國低收入家庭幼兒的會話輪替行為研究(世界華語文教育學會, 2012-03-01) 陳姿蘭; 張鑑如; 陳欣希本研究旨在探討臺灣與美國低收入家庭幼兒，在會話輪替過程中話輪類型、話輪分配分式、打斷與重疊的表現。幼兒平均年齡為四歲六個月，臺灣與美國幼兒各十位。研究者蒐集家庭用餐時的會話語料，並採用「兒童語料交換系統」進行轉譯、編碼與分析。研究結果顯示：（1）在話輪類型方面，臺灣與美國幼兒最常以單句話輪進行對話，但美國幼兒的複句話輪及句群話輪比例顯著高於臺灣幼兒。（2）在話輪分配方式方面，幼兒最常以「聽者自選為說話者」的方式進行輪替，而在「說者指定發言」的方式中，臺美家庭指定幼兒說話的機會高。（3）幼兒出現打斷與重疊的次數不高，但美國幼兒話輪被家人打斷的比例顯著高於臺灣幼兒。臺灣與美國幼兒在會話輪替過程中的話輪類型及打斷的表現有差異。本研究有助於瞭解臺灣與美國低收入家庭幼兒的輪替行為，文末提出本研究之限制與對未來研究的建議。Item Development of nutrient databases for epidemiological studies in Taiwan(2007-09-13) Li-Ching Lyu, I-Chen Chi, Chu-Kai Huang, Liang-Li Huang, Wan-Jung Lee, Hsin-Chin LuThe nutrient and related databases are essential for calculating intake values in epidemiological studies. To suit our research needs, we have developed an integrated management system not only for processing individual dietary questionnaires including 24-hour recalls, food records and Chinese food frequency questionnaires (CFFQ), but also for maintaining and tracking updated food composition databases. The recall and record calculation system (Normal University Food and Nutrient Calculation System: NUCAL system) considers date of recall/record, number of days and meal separations. The CFFQ editing system (CFFQES system) contains the management of food list, and frequency and portion size selections to facilitate processing the various versions of CFFQ. Since the extension of many bioactive compounds including polyphenols, pollutants and carcinogens in foods and water is considered by epidemiological hypotheses, limitation of current food composition tables needs to be noticed and improved. Laboratory analyses are the foundation of food databases, more resources and efforts are urgently needed for analysing the local food items. In practical uses of efficient data processing procedures, the multiple grouping and nomenclature systems need further attention in the future. Nutrient databases need multidisciplinary efforts and play the key role for the success of epidemiological studies.Item High prevalence of hyperuricemia in elderly Taiwanese(Asia Pacific Health and Nutrition Centre, 2005-06-01) Lee MS, Lin SC, Chang HY, Lyu LC, Tsai KS, Pan WHSerum urate status, the prevalence of hyperuricemia and their relationship to the metabolic syndrome in elderly Taiwanese were described using data from the Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1999-2000), in which a stratified multi-stage clustered sampling scheme was applied. Complete data from biochemical assays and anthropometric measures for 1225 males and 1167 females were included in the analysis. The mean urate level and 95% confidence interval was 411 (398, 424) microM for males and 357 (347, 367) microM for females. Males had significantly higher serum urate levels than females across all age groups (P<0.05). No significant difference in mean serum urate was found among the four age groups of males. On the other hand, females of 75-79 years had significantly higher serum urate levels (376 microM) than that of the 65-69 and>or=80 age groups. The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia (>or=416.7 microM (7.0 mg/dL) in the elderly was 36% (46% for males and 26% for females). Among the participants, 4.2% of males and 1.1% of females were taking medication to lower uric acid. The elderly (males 455 microM; females 416 microM) of the Mountain areas, mainly indigenes, had the highest mean serum urate overall, however, the highest prevalence of hyperuricemia in males was found in the PengHu islands (62%) and that for females in the Mountain areas (51%). The odds ratio (OR) for hyperuricemia was 2.84 for males in the PengHu islands and 4.33 for females in Mountain areas, compared with their counterparts in the third stratum in the northern areas. Adjusting for obesity, alcohol and other related covariates did not alter the relative rank of the ORs in the various strata. Elderly males (22%) had a significantly lower rate of metabolic syndrome (MS) than females (39%) (P<0.05). For both genders, those with MS had a significantly higher mean serum urate (males 436 microM vs. 405 microM; females 389 microM vs. 338 microM) and prevalence of hyperuricemia (males 56% vs. 43%; females 38% vs.19%) (P<0.05). The population attributable risk for MS from hyperuricemia was 18.8% in men and 15.5% in women. In conclusion, the mean serum urate and prevalence of hyperuricemia in the elderly in Taiwan were higher than those found in other populations and was significantly associated with MS. Gene-environmental interaction may play a key role since great geographical variation exists within various Han Chinese groups in Taiwan and between Han Chinese and Taiwanese indigenes.Item Food and nutrient intakes for families in Taipei, Taiwan(Academic Press Inc., 2006-08-01) Lyu L-C, Ya-Ping Yu Y-P, Jung-Sheng Lee J-S, Lin J-H, Wang H-IThe main purpose of this study is to examine food consumption and food security issues for families in urbanized Taiwan using household interviews (n=240), and to collect dietary information from each family member (n=882) using 24-h recalls and Chinese food frequency questionnaires (CFFQ). We developed a local food composition table suitable for families with children and intend to explore the possible nutritional risk and needs for low-income families (n=30) compared to middle-income families (n=210). The average frequency of shopping for food was 3 times per week, and the most influential persons for family food intake were mothers (46%) and children (26%). The low-income families had more frequent food security worries than middle-income families (72 versus 10 times/year, respectively) and provided significantly fewer dairy products, fruits and fish in daily meals. From 24-h recalls, parents had significantly higher alcohol intake in low-income families than middle-income families. From CFFQ, fathers had consistently strong associations for calcium and iron with daughters (r=0.34, 0.30) and sons (r=0.28, 0.30); however mothers had strong associations for vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 with daughters (r=0.21, 0.24) and sons (r=0.25, 0.27). Issues of food insecurity and disadvantages in nutrient consumption are of concern for low-income families in urbanized Taiwan.Item Meal distribution, relative validity and reproducibility of a meal-based food frequency questionnaire in Taiwan(Asia Pacific Health and Nutrition Centre, 2007-12-01) Lyu L-C, Lin C-F, Chang F-H, Chen H-F, Lo C-C, Ho H-FFood frequency questionnaire is an important assessment tool for public health nutrition research. We describe the development history and conducted the validity and reproducibility studies for a meal-based Chinese food frequency questionnaire (Chinese FFQ) by five meal sequences. A total of 51 subjects were recruited to collect dietary information twice (6 months apart) with one 24-hr recall, 7-day food records and the Chinese FFQ. Combining data from both time sets, Chinese FFQ showed strong correlations of macro and micronutrients with 7-day records (n=60, r=0.29-0.50, p<0.05), but not with 24-hr recalls (n=60, r=0.01-0.23, p>0.05). The reproducibility of this Chinese FFQ (n=22) was consistently high for most nutrients, with Spearman correction coefficients between 0.42 for vitamin A to 0.79 for vitamin B12 . From a larger sample of 231 subjects who completed the Chinese FFQ and one 24-hr recall, we found the energy distributions of breakfast, lunch, dinner, afternoon and evening snacks combined from Chinese FFQ were 20%, 37%, 37% and 6%, and from 24-hour recalls were 19%, 36%, 44% and 1%, respectively. These results showed acceptable reproducibility and relative validity of this meal-based Chinese FFQ.Item Quality assurance with an informatics auditing process for Food Compostion Tables(Academic Press Inc.) Chu C-M, Lee M-S, Hsu Y-H, Yu H-L, Wu T-Y, Chang S-C, Lyu L-C, Chou F-J, Shao Y-P, Mark L. WahlqvistA 6-step auditing process was developed to detect unlikely nutrient values in a Nutrient Composition Data Bank for Foods (NCDBF) in Taiwan. Preference was given to finding errors in the database, rather than to determining significant differences in the biological characteristics of the individual nutrients. There were 239 compositionally similar subgroups categorized within the NCDBF. The coefficient of variation (CV) of nutrient values for each subgroup provided the first-order sorting instrument. Nutrient CVs were ranked in rows for food subgroup (x) and in columns for nutrient type (y) and their product (x,y) in descending order. When the rank was in the top 2 or the product was ≤20, the Excel “cell” was regarded as a “hit”. The “hit rate” (2.6%, 777 hits/29,424 pieces of information) of the computerized analysis was verified through an expert panel review to provide a “satisfiedhit rate (SHR)” (agreed errors/total food group hits). The meanSHR was 14.9% (range: 1.4%–37.6%) for the various food groups. The computerized process performed with a 38-fold increase in likelihood of error detection compared with what manual assessmItem Development of nutrient databases for epidemiological studies in Taiwan(Asia Pacific Health and Nutrition Centre, 2008-01-01) Lyu L-C, Chi I-C, Huang C-K, Huang L-L, Lee W-J, Lu H-CThe nutrient and related databases are essential for calculating intake values in epidemiological studies. To suit our research needs, we have developed an integrated management system not only for processing individual dietary questionnaires including 24-hour recalls, food records and Chinese food frequency questionnaires (CFFQ), but also for maintaining and tracking updated food composition databases. The recall and record calculation system (Normal University Food and Nutrient Calculation System: NUCAL system) considers date of recall/record, number of days and meal separations. The CFFQ editing system (CFFQES system) contains the management of food list, and frequency and portion size selections to facilitate processing the various versions of CFFQ. Since the extension of many bioactive compounds including polyphenols, pollutants and carcinogens in foods and water is considered by epidemiological hypotheses, limitation of current food composition tables needs to be noticed and improved. Laboratory analyses are the foundation of food databases, more resources and efforts are urgently needed for analysing the local food items. In practical uses of efficient data processing procedures, the multiple grouping and nomenclature systems need further attention in the future. Nutrient databases need multidisciplinary efforts and play the key role for the success of epidemiological studies.