女性馬拉松跑者參與歷程之內心感受探究

Abstract

本研究以女性跑者參與馬拉松運動，其參與歷程之內心感受探討為題，將參與歷程分為四階段，探討女性跑者起初「參與跑步運動動機」、「持續涉入動機」、「參與賽事當下的內心感受」以及「跑步對於女性跑者的影響」各階段之經驗。蒐集國內外相關文獻並整理作為本研究基礎概念，以質性研究一對一深度訪談方式，訪問五位跑步生涯兩年以上，且曾經上過凸台之女性素人跑者其參與經驗，最後針對參與歷程內心感受進行歸納整理。經過資料分析與統整，將女性跑者的參與歷程分為四個階段。 一、最初的三公里：起初「參與跑步運動動機」主要和「個人因素」有關，例如覺察到個人身心健康之重要，因而開始跑步，後來是追求樂趣與自我挑戰。 二、實力是透過累積：內在動機跑得長久，外在回饋增添樂趣，自我效能感讓跑者願意持續挑戰。女性跑者於訓練或賽事遇到的不同於男性跑者的狀況為「女性生理期」，賀爾蒙產生變化，進而影響身體狀態與跑步表現。 三、我與終點的距離：從緊張，中間意志力的拉扯，最後為自己喝采。賽事當下的歷程會遇到撞牆期，激勵了跑者的內在的意志力，也有自我對話和正念（mindfulness）的練習，能在賽事「當下」享受與自己共處，享受當下的一切，並以「安全」為原則完賽，為女性跑者所重視的。 四、跑步教我的事：跑步帶給女性跑者的影響包含「生活習慣」以及「人格、心理方面」的改變，如心理彈性、韌性與正念，有意識的過生活。

希望本研究結果能提供初次踏入耐力性質跑步運動之女性跑者，增加持續參與動機的技巧，以及針對初次參與馬拉松之女性跑者，在賽事選擇與備賽時的心理建設，提供建議。最後，對未來學術研究上提出可延伸的研究概念。

The thesis inspects female marathon runners’ inner experience in participation. The experience is divided into four phrases: motives for participation, motivatons for continued engagement, inner experience by participants, and impact on female runners. The thesis, firstly, reviewed related domestic and international literature. Secondly, a qualitative approach was used to conduct one-by-one in-depth interviews with five runners having experience for over two years, and they are also amateurs who have won top three in any marathon competitions. Lastly, the thesis concludes inner experience in participation.Based on data analysis and interpretation, female runners’ experience in participation is divided into four phrases: (1) Initial 3 kilometers: The motives of engaging in running activities are linked to personal interest, encompassing situation where participants begin to realize numerous mental and physical benefits associated with running, and further to take advantages of it by seeking pure joy and self-achievement. (2) Practice makes perfect: Inner-motives results in continued engagement. Outer-motives increase enjoyment. Self-efficacy challenges runners to achieve better results. Female runners’ menstruation in training and competitions makes themselves differ from male counterparts since the degraded body conditions by hormone changes will bring negative impact on runner’s performance.(3) The distance between myself and the finish line: The adrenaline rush and mental strength dramatizes the final achievement.(4) What I have learn in running: running put impact on female runners’ lifestyle and personality, such as psychological resilience, mindfulness, self-awareness.In conclusion, the thesis provides useful techniques for female runners who have gained preliminary insights to endurance running to enhance their motives for future participation. It also provides suggestions on competition selection and preparation for those who have first experience with marathon. Finally, the thesis will be a steppingstone for future research.