北部某大學研究生對 COVID-19 之預防行為意圖影響相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究採用調查設計，擬利用健康信念模式來探討北部某大學研究生對於 COVID-19 的預防行為意圖，以及與自覺罹患性、自覺嚴重性、自覺行動利益、 自覺行動障礙、行動的線索、自我效能等因素關係，共有 363 名學生參加問卷 調查，有效回收 348 份(回收率 95.9%)。本研究重要結論與建議如下: 一、 性別分佈以女性為多數(51.7 %)、在年齡平均26.9歲;在婚姻中未婚 居多(87.4 %)。在宗教信仰方面，沒有宗教信仰佔(61.8 %)、關於健康狀 況多數學生，狀況自覺良好(46.0 %)、在三餐飲食中多數學生有正常三 餐飲食 (60.1 %)、在運動方面多數學生沒有經常運動(60.3 %)、在抽菸 習慣方面沒有抽菸佔多數(95.7 %)，其中過去有抽菸，現在沒抽菸佔(2.0 %)、關於曾閱讀 COVID-19 資訊，學生有閱讀相關資訊佔 (89.7 %)，本 研究行動提示在新冠肺炎之相關訊息來源，電視媒體315人(90.5 %)比例 最多。 二、 在知識得分達到中上程度、自覺罹患性得分屬於正向信念、自覺嚴重 性屬於負向信念、自覺行動利益屬於正向利益信念、自覺行動障礙屬於負 向障礙信念、行動線索有一個以上的線索、自我效能屬於正向自我信念、 行爲意圖屬於正向意圖。 三、 女性在自覺嚴重信念，比男性顯著有嚴重性信念;女性在行為意圖， 比男性顯著有積極意圖;飲食狀況在 COVID-19知識、自覺罹患性、自覺 嚴重性、自覺利益性、自覺障礙性、行為意圖沒有顯著差異。 四、 運動狀況在 COVID-19知識、自覺罹患性、自覺嚴重性、自覺利益性、自覺障礙性，都沒有顯著差異，但是在行為意圖則有顯著差異，也即沒有規律運動的研究對象，反而比有規律運動者，更有積極的行為意圖。 五、 自覺行動利益、自覺嚴重性、自覺行動利益、行對線索的曾經閱讀等 變項對於預防行為意圖變異的總解釋力為 46%，其中自覺行動利益對於 預防行為意圖的影響力最大，其次是自覺嚴重性和行對線索的曾經閱讀。This study adopts a survey design, and intends to use the health belief model to explore the preventive behavioral intentions of graduate students from one northern university regarding COVID-19, as well as their association with perceived morbidity, perceived severity, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers to action, cues to action, and self-efficacy. A total of 363 graduate students participated in the questionnaire survey, and 348 copies were effectively recovered (the recovery rate was 95.9%).The important conclusions and recommendations of this study are as follows:1. A total of 363 students participated in the questionnaire survey. Thegender distribution was dominated by females (51.7 %), and the average age was 26.93 ± 7.39 years old; most of them were unmarried (87.4 %). In terms of religious beliefs, there is no religious belief (61.8%), most students about health status are considered to be in good condition (46.0%), most students have normal three-meal meals (60.1%) in terms of exercise, and most students in sports Not exercising regularly (60.3 %), most of them did not smoke in terms of smoking habits (95.7 %), among them, those who smoked in the past and did not smoke now (2.0 %), about having read information about COVID-19, students have readRelevant information accounted for (89.7 %), and the TV media accounted for 315 (90.5 %) of the most relevant sources of information about the novel coronavirus pneumonia.2. When the knowledge score reaches the middle and upper level, the conscious suffering score belongs to the positive belief, the conscious severity belongs to the negative belief, the conscious action benefit belongs to the positive benefit belief, the conscious action disorder belongs to the negative obstacle belief, and there are more than one action clue The clues, self-efficacy belong to positive self-belief, and behavioral intention belongs to positive intention.3. Women are significantly more serious than men in terms of consciously serious beliefs; women have significantly more positive intentions than men in terms of behavioral intentions; dietary status is related to COVID-19 knowledge, self-consciousness of suffering, self-consciousness of seriousness, self-consciousness of benefits, and perceived obstacles There were no significant differences in sexual and behavioral intentions.4. There were no significant differences in the knowledge of COVID-19, perceived risk, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers in exercise status, but there were significant differences in behavioral intentions, that is, the subjects who did not exercise regularly, instead More positive behavioral intentions than regular exercisers.5. The total explanatory power of variables such as conscious action interest, conscious severity, conscious action benefit, and previous reading of clues to prevent behavioral intentions is 46%. Among them,conscious action interest has the greatest influence on preventive behavioral intention, followed by Is the perceived seriousness and line of reading for clues.