業餘跑者在馬拉松賽道上自我對話之研究
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Date
2022
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摘要
越來越多的民眾投入馬拉松賽事，這些未經過專業跑步訓練的業餘跑者，已經是 每年數百場馬拉松的主角。本研究想了解業餘跑者在跑馬拉松時，會不會使用自我對 話(self-talk)?使用那些自我對話?這些自我對話，對業餘跑者完賽或成績會有什麼樣 的影響?本研究採半結構深度訪談方式，邀約 4 位業餘跑者，在他們完成 2022 年萬金 石馬拉松之後的 48 小時之內，接受並完成訪談。訪談內容主要是針對他們在賽事中不 同階段(前半段、中、終點前)、面對不同的情況(如:撞牆期、高溫、逆風、上坡等)下及 在順境時，他們各使用了什麼樣自我對話?訪談內容依質性內容分析方法，進行編碼及 分類，最後歸納結論如下:
1、 正向自我對話是業餘跑者使用最多的自我對話。
2、 平常訓練時較常使用動機性及短程目標設定的自我對話。
3、 不同階段使用不同自我對話，遇瓶頸時動機性自我對話最多。
4、 對環境的挑戰，中性以及正向激勵的自我對話最多。
5、 順境中最多的是聯想性及動機性自我對話。
6、 自我對話有助於跑者完賽。
基於上述結果，本研究建議為:一、建議跑者平常要練習使用自我對話。二、建 議教練將自我對話加入訓練課程中。三、建議未來可以發展出結合衛星定位，方便的 即時錄音設備來採集自我對話。四、建議研究對象可以擴及長程自行車運動員及超級 鐵人選手。五、未來研究也可以針對不同馬拉松賽道，進行研究。六、建議未來研究 可以朝向建立「長程運動員自我對話訓練模型」方向發展。
Abstract More and more people are getting involved in marathons, and these amateur runners without professional running training are already the protagonists of hundreds of marathons every year. This study was conducted to find out whether amateur runners use self-talk when running marathons. What kind of self-talk do they use? How do these self-talks affect amateur runners' finish and performance? In this study, four amateur runners were interviewed within 48 hours of completing the 2022 Wanjinshi marathon. The interviews focused on their self-talk during different stages of the race (the beginning, middle, and before the finish), under different conditions (e.g., hit the wall, high temperature, headwind, uphill, etc.), and during the good situations. The interviews were coded and classified according to qualitative content analysis, and the conclusions are summarized as follows:1. Positive self-talk was the most common self-talk used by amateur runners.2. Motivational and short-term goal-setting self-talk was used more often during regular training.3. Different self-talk was used at different stages, and motivational self-talk was the most frequently used one when a bottleneck was encountered.4. For the environmental challenges, neutral and positive motivational self-talk were used most often.5. Associative and motivational self-talk was the most frequent in good situations.6. Self-talk helps runners to finish the race.Based on the above results, this study recommends that: 1. runners should practice using self-talk in the regular training. 2. It is recommended that coaches should incorporate self-talk into their training programs. 3. It is recommended to develop real-time recording devices with satellite positioning to collect self-talk in the future. 4. It is suggested that this line of research can be extended to long-distance bicycle athletes and super-triathlon athletes.5. Future research is recommended to examine use of self-talk on different marathon tracks. 6. It is suggested that future research can develop a"long-distance athlete self-talk training model".
Abstract More and more people are getting involved in marathons, and these amateur runners without professional running training are already the protagonists of hundreds of marathons every year. This study was conducted to find out whether amateur runners use self-talk when running marathons. What kind of self-talk do they use? How do these self-talks affect amateur runners' finish and performance? In this study, four amateur runners were interviewed within 48 hours of completing the 2022 Wanjinshi marathon. The interviews focused on their self-talk during different stages of the race (the beginning, middle, and before the finish), under different conditions (e.g., hit the wall, high temperature, headwind, uphill, etc.), and during the good situations. The interviews were coded and classified according to qualitative content analysis, and the conclusions are summarized as follows:1. Positive self-talk was the most common self-talk used by amateur runners.2. Motivational and short-term goal-setting self-talk was used more often during regular training.3. Different self-talk was used at different stages, and motivational self-talk was the most frequently used one when a bottleneck was encountered.4. For the environmental challenges, neutral and positive motivational self-talk were used most often.5. Associative and motivational self-talk was the most frequent in good situations.6. Self-talk helps runners to finish the race.Based on the above results, this study recommends that: 1. runners should practice using self-talk in the regular training. 2. It is recommended that coaches should incorporate self-talk into their training programs. 3. It is recommended to develop real-time recording devices with satellite positioning to collect self-talk in the future. 4. It is suggested that this line of research can be extended to long-distance bicycle athletes and super-triathlon athletes.5. Future research is recommended to examine use of self-talk on different marathon tracks. 6. It is suggested that future research can develop a"long-distance athlete self-talk training model".
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Keywords
馬拉松, 業餘跑者, 自我對話, marathon, amateur runner, self-talk