高齡住宅導入個別化休閒介入之個案研究

Abstract

國人對健康議題越來越看重，而台灣現有機構、老人共宅等高齡住宅內之長者休閒相關活動，大多以多數長者功能考量設計活動，無法針對長者個別需求選擇休閒。此次研究目的為建構個別化休閒介入模式原則和流程以及藉由實際介入探討休閒服務模式之個別化休閒介入的可行性。研究對象為居住於高齡住宅內之65歲以上高齡者，於住宅大廳進行個別化休閒介入，休閒介入會分為四步驟進行，包括事前評估、活動規劃、活動執行以及結果評估，個案經事前評估後依照個別休閒能力進行分類，可分為休閒參與、休閒教育和治療介入三種類別，依照不同類別個案進行介入。研究參與之三位個案分別代表了三種不同休閒能力，研究參與者S1為休閒教育類別、研究參與者S2為休閒參與類別、研究參與者S3則為治療介入類別。本研究根據過去相關文獻及在實際介入後，訂定出個別化休閒介入模式之原則，並且發現休閒介入能夠部分促進休閒認知和休閒情感。建議未來若有相關研究，可適時提升研究取樣數量、與場域內能近距離觀察長輩之人員合作並增加後續休閒追蹤時間；實務面向建議高齡者本身的生心理狀態有些調整、社區、高齡住宅、機構內配有休閒專業人員、休閒課程個別化；另外在政府政策面可加強國人休閒觀念、多宣導國人提前進行退休及休閒規劃。Taiwanese are paying more and more attention to health issues. However, leisure activities in elderly residences are not individualized for elders. The purpose of this study is to construct the principles and processes for the individualized leisure intervention model and to explore the possibility of the individualized leisure intervention in elderly residence. The participants in this study were elders over 65 years old, doing the individual leisure intervention in elderly residence. The individual leisure intervention includes 4 steps, assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation. The three participants were classified according to individual leisure abilities and can be divided into three categories: leisure participation, leisure education and therapeutic recreation. Participant S1 is in the leisure education category, participant S2 is in the leisure participation category, and participant S3 is in the therapeutic recreation category. This study formulates the principles of individualized leisure intervention model based on past relevant literature and actual intervention, and finds that leisure intervention can partially promote leisure cognition and leisure emotions. Practical suggestions include adjustments to the physical and psychological changes of the elderly, also invite leisure professionals and individualized leisure courses in communities, residences, and institutions. In addition, strengthen the concept of leisure among Taiwanese and promote doing retirement and leisure planning earlier by the government policies.