空間能力對同步多影像擴增實境教學於認知負荷之影響

Abstract

對於自然科學教育而言，抽象概念常常是學習與教學的困難之處，傳統教學很難將抽象的概念具體呈現於教學之中，造成學生依然存有迷思概念。近年來認為透過數位教材的輔助來改善教學方法是有效的，而擴增實境是其中的一種方式。但是有教材設計原則指出，不同的教材呈現方式將會造成學習者認知負荷上的影響，因此教材與教學方法的改變，對於學習者所造成的認知負荷是值得重視的。 本研究使用同步多影像擴增實境系統，與以往擴增實境應用於教學有所不同。同步多影像顯示擴增實境是一種連影連動的擴增實境顯示方式，讓學生能夠同時學習多個概念。利用同步多影像顯示擴增實境進行月相教學，並探討其與單影像、傳統投影片的教學是否有成效差別。以自然科學教育中容易造成迷思概念的月相與潮汐做為題材，並加入空間能力做為學習者之個人變項。 研究對象分為三組，分別採用傳統投影片、單影像擴增實境及同步多影像擴增實境，事前進行空間能力量表測驗，並依據量表成績分為高、中、低能力者，接著進行約一個小時的教學實驗，透過月相單元測驗卷前後測及認知負荷量表來探討不同教學方法與不同空間能力於月相教學中，對認知負荷與教學方法的影響。 研究結果發現，教學方法和空間能力對於認知負荷皆無顯著差距，代表擴增實境融於月相教學中並不會對學習者帶來額外的認知負荷；學習成效而言，教學方法與空間能力之間並無交互作用，單獨來看則是單影像組優於其他兩組、高空間能力優於其他兩者。 因此本研究認為，雖然擴增實境融於課程，並不會造成額外的認知負荷，但仍須考量到學習對象是否適用，才能有助於提升學習成效。

The abstract concept seems to be difficult in learning and teaching for natural science education. The traditional teaching can hardly materialize abstract concepts in teaching, causing students’ misconceptions. In recent years, it’s believed that auxiliary digital materials can be effectively used to improve the teaching method, of which augmented reality is one of the methods. However, design principles in some textbooks point out that different presentation of textbooks will exert influence on the learners' cognitive load. Therefore, it is worthy of attention for the cognitive load of learners caused by the teaching materials and teaching methods change. Contrast to the application of augmented reality in traditional teaching, the synchronized multi-display augmented reality system is used in this study. The synchronized multi-display adopts linked augmented reality to display augmented reality, which enables students to learn several concepts once. The synchronized multi-display augmented reality is adopted for teaching Phases of the Moon, in which the imaging difference with the effect of single image and traditional teaching slides is researched. The phase of the moon and tide, which is easy to cause the misconception in science education, is taken as the theme, and the spatial ability is added as individual learners’ variables.Research subjects were divided into three groups, respectively, the traditional image slides, single-display augmented reality and synchronized multi-display augmented reality. The spatial scale test was conducted before this step, which can determine high, middle and low ability individuals. Next, one hour of teaching experiment is carried out. The unit test and the cognitive load scale was applied to investigate the different teaching methods and different spatial abilities’ influence on cognitive load and teaching method in the phases of the moon teaching. The results found that the teaching method and the spatial ability had no significant impact on cognitive load, demonstrating that the use of augmented reality into moon phase teaching will not bring additional cognitive load to the learner; in terms of learning effectiveness, no interaction exists in teaching method and spatial ability. Independently, single image group was better than the other two groups and high space ability group was also better than the other two groups.Therefore, according to this research, the augmented reality will not cause additional cognitive load even if being included in the curriculum. However, the applicability of learning objects shall also be considered so as to enhance their learning effectiveness.