澳洲打工度假客的動機與體驗之研究

Abstract

本研究之目的在分析台灣打工度假客至澳洲打工度假的動機與體驗，以及探討澳洲打工度假動機對其體驗的影響。研究者以滾雪球抽樣的方式，針對10位打工度假客進行深入訪談。研究發現：打工度假並不只有單一動機，主要可歸納為「逃離原有生活環境」、「對澳洲的好奇心」、「學習英語」、「冒險挑戰」以及「自我實現」等五項，每個打工度假客因為動機的不同，也處在不一樣的旅行生涯階層，打工度假的動機並非層級而上。打工度假的體驗除了基本的「審美體驗」、「娛樂體驗」、「教育體驗」與「逃離體驗」之外，另外尚須加上「社交體驗」才較為完整；澳洲當地特殊的「農場體驗」和「志願服務體驗」則包含在主動參與沉浸其中的「逃避體驗」。打工度假的動機對其體驗的影響是不斷累積發酵的過程，由於好奇心的驅使，將近一年在澳洲的打工度假經驗不僅幫助開拓國際視野，跳脫台灣島國的心態看世界，旅程的學習體驗中也幫助自我成長，訓練自己獨立自主，同時逃離台灣現實的環境，藉由旅行的轉化，對生命的體悟也會不同，減少對生活的怨懟，學會開始用不同的角度去看待每件事情，更因為冒險的精神作祟，藉由打工度假期間工作的參與，思考自己未來的規劃，嘗試生命中的可能性。

The purpose of this study was to analyze the motivation and experience of Taiwanese working holiday makers in Australia and to investigate the effect that the motivation had upon their working holiday experience. Snowball sampling and in-depth interviews were applied to collect 10 working holiday makers who had realized their working holiday programs in Australia. The results from this study showed that working holiday makers have more than one motivation, “escape from daily life”, “curiosity”, “learning English”, “adventure”, and “achievement”. The motivation of working holiday makers diverse from each other and locate at different level of travel career ladder. The results of working holiday experience also came with outstanding response. Working holiday experience not only includes “beauty experience”, “entertainment experience”, “educational experience”, and “escaping experience.” “Social experience” shall be added to make it more complete. Besides, “farm experience” and “voluntary experience” shall be included in “escaping experience”. The effect of motivation put upon working holiday experience is a continuous accumulated process. Working holiday experience helps them expand international viewing, grow to maturity, become independent, realize the meaning of life, and even seek more possibility for their future.