室內環境動物群聚動態之初探- 以浸液標本庫為例

Abstract

人類長時間待在室內環境中，與室內環境關係密不可分，而隨著人類的活動會在室內環境中創造出各種微環境，提供各類生物生活、取食、棲息環境，並完成世代交替，但在以往關於這些生物的研究並不多，且大多侷限在常見有害物種，對於室內生物整體性研究及生物與環境間的連結性研究甚少。本研究以有人為控制的浸液標本蒐藏庫為主要研究樣區，相較於其他室內居家環境，相對影響因子較少，較容易掌控。從2018年08月至2019年12月，透過黏蟲屋取樣及掃塵取樣，進行每月進行一次調查，共記錄到六綱十七目二十八科二十八種 (含形態種) 34,575隻個體，其中含10種核心物種。依據NMDS及稀釋與預測曲線分析兩種取樣方式之差異，結果顯示兩種取樣之群聚結構呈顯著差異，且以黏蟲屋取樣之效用較高，能捕捉到之種類更多。在多樣性指數中，整體香農指數 (H’) 為1.57，均勻度 (J’) 為0.47，種豐富度 (Dmg) 為2.60，其中唯有種豐富度指數與環境因子間 (溫度、相對濕度及雨量) 有顯著相關性。在探討黏蟲屋擺放位置依據分層高度和與主要空調的距離，對於物種群聚結構及數量之影響，分別使用NMDS及雙因子變異數分析，結果顯示黏蟲屋之分層高度對物種個體數量及群聚結構有顯著影響及差異；而黏蟲屋距離主要空調出風口遠近，對於物種個體數量無顯著影響，但離空調距離越遠有個體數量越少的趨勢存在，且各距離間群聚結構相似性高；透過複迴歸模型分析核心物種類群數量與環境因子間之關聯性，結果顯示在多數核心物種類群數量變化上，環境因子是極為重要的影響因子。本研究有助於初步瞭解室內物種多樣性，以及物種與環境間的關聯性，和增加室內物種生物學之認識，以評估其做為室內環境生物指標的可能性，藉此瞭解室內環境對人體健康或財產的潛在危害及影響，或提供防治之建議及未來研究之依據。Human beings spend a long period of time in an indoor environment. There are various microenvironments in the indoor environment due to human activities, providing a live, food, and habitat for a variety of organisms. However, the studies on those organisms have been scanty, with information available only for few common harmful species. Up to date, very few studies have been focused on indoor organisms and the relationship between them and the environment.In this study, a fluid-preserved collection storage was used as the main sampling area. Comparing with other indoor house environments, its environmental factors are simpler and easier to control. From August 2018 to December 2019, the survey was conducted once a month using sticky traps and floor sweeping. In total, 34,575 individuals, 28 species or morphospecies, 28 families belonging to 17 orders in 3 classes were collected. According to the analyses of NMDS and rarefaction and extrapolation curve, the results show that the community structure of these two methods are significantly different.Sticky traps are more effective than floor sweeping to collect more species. The overall Shannon index (H') was 1.57, evenness (J') is 0.47, and Margalef's richness (Dmg) was 2.60. Only Margalef's richness index was significantly correlated with environmental factors. Moreover, the results of NMDS and two way ANOVA analyses show the number of individuals and community structure varied in different shelf strata significantly. In addition, the distance of the sticky traps to the main air conditioner vent had a potential impact on species number, and high similarity of community structure between different distances. Through the analysis of multiple regression model, the results show that environmental factors are extremely important factors that influencing the quantitative changes of the most core species community.This study may help us to understand the diversity of indoor species, the basis for future research, and extending our knowledge on the biology of indoor species. It can also provide precaution advice and evaluate the possibility of indoor species to serve as an indoor environmental biological indicator for implying the potential hazards and problems that will affect human health or property in the indoor environment.