退後的勝利－臺灣師大拔河隊自信心來源之探析

Abstract

近年來，拔河運動在國際間有蓬勃發展的趨勢，而以臺灣師大加上景美拔河隊為班底的中華臺北女子隊在2010至2013年間獲得了國際層級賽事共16場冠軍，此外，在2013年間，敘寫女子拔河隊的故事分別以書本及電影方式呈現，也讓人更加深對於她們的印象。而自信心為運動選手能否在比賽場上有好的運動表現的關鍵因素之一，本研究也期透過瞭解拔河隊成員在從事拔河運動過程中影響其自信心的各種因素，以更瞭解其能多次在國際賽事獲得佳績之原因與心理因素為何。本研究使用半結構式訪談法訪問臺灣師大拔河隊成員共5名，並以主題式分析之方式將逐字稿內容做編碼、整理與歸納。研究結果發現，影響拔河隊成員自信心之因素可分為四個部分，分別為隊友因素、教練因素、比賽因素及個體因素，其中在隊友因素部分，會受到熟悉的隊友、安心的隊友、隊友的肯定、具共同努力的方向及具默契五個因素影響其自信心；在教練因素的部分，會受到教練指導方式、領導態度、教練的肯定及使具有安心四個因素影響其自信心；在比賽因素部分，會受到場地、器材、天氣、裁判影響、國內、外拔河風氣、過去經驗及種類特性五個因素影響其自信心；在個體因素部分，會受到情緒狀態、心態準備、意象訓練、身體狀況影響、體型、身材影響、具目標設定、達成目標與否、技術提升及練習準備程度九個因素影響其自信心。本研究實務上之建議則是可提升運動員心理技能之訓練，藉由多方面加強運動員心理之技能，以提升選手在運動場上之表現，進而提升其自信心。Of late years, the tug of war have a booming development arcoss internatinoal. Chinese Taipei tug of war girls' team include National Taiwan Normal University and JingMei has won the international competitions for 16 time during 2010 to 2013. Besides, in 2013, the story of tug of war girl team was described and published with books and movie, and make people impressive. Self-confidence is one of the key factor for athletic to have a good performance in the competition. In the research, we want to know the factor why they can get so many first prize by dicovering every factor which have influence on tug of war team member's self-confidence while they are doing sport. The research use semi-structured interview and take 5 members of National Taiwan Normal University Tug-of-war for participant, and use thematic analysis to analysis verbatim. The result of research discover that there are 4 factors which influence the tug-of-war members' self-confidence, including "team-mate factor", " coach factor", competition factor" and "personal factor". In team-mate factor, they're influenced by familiar team-mate, relieved team-mate, the encourage by team-mate, working hard for the same direction and have close connection. In coach factor, they're influenced by the method of guiding, leading attitude, the encourage by coach and relieved coach. In competition factor, they're influenced by the place, equipment, weather, referee, domestic and international tug-of-war atomosphere, experience, different kind of tug-of-war characteristic. In personal factor, they're influenced by emotional, attitude, imagination, physical state, physique, goal setting, whether reach the goal, advanced technologies, the degree of preparation. The recommendation is to arise the training of athletic mental skill to increase performance of athletic, and it can increase the self-confidence.