清代初期臺灣方志的風景選擇

Abstract

人類探索空間的歷史，幾等同於人類文明發展的過程。不同時代的社會對於生活空間，會有不同的觀點，並衍生出不同的風景選擇。本研究嘗試透過新文化地理學的觀點，以清代臺灣大量的方志八景與八景詩圖創作為研究素材，探討清代政府統治臺灣初期，在各地所選擇與詮釋的臺灣風景及其意涵。研究發現，清代初期臺灣的風景選擇過程中，有其一定的邏輯與模式。首先，在各地編纂的方志中，依其行政轄區選定風景，透過八景的空間位置分布，可以用來宣告疆域；其次，透過詩文創作，將臺灣這塊陌生的土地、風景，逐漸納入漢文化的系統，強化社會對土地的認同。再者，從遊宦文人的創作中，也可以看出清代初期臺灣社會對於這塊新納入清帝國的土地，由剛開始的觀奇逐漸轉為認同與展現自我的態度演變。

Landscape is constructed by cultural discourse. Therefore, it can reflect the idealized vision of a society in a specific time. Taiwan was forced to join the Qing Dynasty in 1683, and remains to be part of the Qing Empire for over 200 years. In this research, we try to use the Eight Scenes of Taiwan of many local gazetteers to decipher the meaning behind these Eight Scenes. The study found that the selecting process of the Eight Scenes in the gazetteers had its own logical pattern. First, the locations of these Eight Scenes were mostly distributed at the edge of each administration, which can be used as a tool for territorial declaration. Secondly, a lot of literary works were created and related with these scenes, which can take the advantage to incorporate this strange and newly acquired island-Taiwan into the Han cultural system, and further strengthened the social identity of Taiwan. Together, we can easily identify the attitude of Taiwanese society over the island in early Qing Dynasty. From an exotic wonderland in the empire in the first place, then gradually recognized that Taiwan was truly part of the empire, and finally the Taiwanese society had accumulated enough confidence to demonstrate itself to the world.