應用計劃行為理論於使用電子煙的行為意圖之研究-以臺灣西部沿海鄉村地區某高中學生為例

Abstract

本研究運用計劃行為理論來探討高中學生使用電子煙的行為意圖。研究對象為臺灣西部沿海鄉村地區某國立高中的441位學生，蒐集研究對象使用電子煙之態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制與行為意圖的相關資料，研究結果使用的統計分析為：皮爾森積差相關、階層複迴歸與單因子多變量變異數析中的Hotelling's T²。研究結果顯示： 一、研究對象過去有接觸電子煙者佔5.2%，未來使用電子煙的「行為意圖」者佔6.7%。 二、個人背景變項與主觀規範與行為意圖有顯著相關，但不能在態度與知覺行為控制之外，顯著地增加對行為意圖的預測力，此與研究假設相符。 三、研究對象使用電子煙的行為意圖可由個人背景變項、態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制所預測，其中知覺行為控制的影響力最強，態度次之，個人背景變項與主觀規範最弱。 四、個人背景變項、態度、主觀規範及知覺行為控制皆能夠影響研究對象使用電子煙的「行為意圖」，且知覺行為控制對使用電子煙的「行為意圖」有顯著的預測力。 五、態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制與其構成信念之間的關係： （一）態度與行為信念、結果評價的相乘積未達顯著相關，此與研究假設不符。 （二）主觀規範與規範信念、依從動機的相乘積為顯著低度正相關。 （三）知覺行為控制與控制信念、知覺力量的相乘積為顯著中度正相關。 本研究之結果提供衛生教育者擬訂電子煙防制教育的介入策略之參考，建議進一步探究如何改變鄉村地區高中學生對使用電子煙的知識與信念且降低其使用電子煙之行為意圖。This study applied the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to investigate the behavioral intention of e-cigarette use among senior high school students. The study was conducted on 441 students in a national senior high school in a rural area of western Taiwan. The data on their attitudes, subjective norms, perceptual behavioral control, and behavioral intentions regarding the use of e-cigarettes was collected.The statistical analysis used for the research results is: Pearson product-moment correlation, hierarchical multiple regression, multiple regression, and Hotelling’s T². The results of the study showed that:1. 5.2% of the study participants had access to e-cigarettes in the past and 6.7% had"behavioral intention" to use e-cigarettes in the future. 2. Individual background variables were significantly associated with subjective norms and behavioral intention, but they did not significantly increase the predictive power of behavioral intention beyond the control of attitudes and perceptual behaviors, which is consistent with the research hypothesis. 3. The behavioral intention of e-cigarette use was predicted by personal background variables, attitude, subjective norm, and perceptualbehavior control, among which perceptual behavior control was the strongest, followed by attitude, and personal background variables and subjective norm were the weakest.4. Personal background variables, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptual behavioral control were all able to influence the"behavioral intention" of e-cigarette use, and perceptual behavioral control had significant predictive power on the "behavioral intention" of e-cigarette use. 5. The relationship between attitudes, subjective norms, perceptual behavioral control, and their constituent beliefs. (1) The product of attitudes, behavioral beliefs, and outcome evaluations was not significantly correlated, which is inconsistent with the research hypothesis. This is not consistent with the research hypothesis. (2) The product of subjective norms, normative beliefs, and compliance motives was significantly lower than the positive correlation.(3) The product of perceptual behavior control, control beliefs, and perceptual power were moderately positive.The results of this study provide a reference for health educators to develop intervention strategies for e-cigarette prevention education and suggest further investigation on how to change knowledge and beliefs about e-cigarette use and reduce behavioral intentions of e-cigarette use among high school students in rural areas.