功能性視覺與自我因應策略之探究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討在職之視障者功能性視覺與自我因應策略，以質的研究方法蒐集及分析5位研究對象的相關資料，主要以訪談、觀察職場情境與工作方法、及檔案文件檔方式進行。研究結果如下，本研究在文末亦針對未來研究提出建議。

一、當面臨功能性視覺挑戰時，研究對象在自我因應策略的方法計有「使用輔具」、「改變閱讀距離」、「調整工作物件」、「作業流程改變」、「調整照明」、「利用其他感官知覺」、「人力協助」及「調整職務」等八項策略。

二、自我因應策略的調整因素在功能性視覺方面有「視覺敏銳度（近距離、中距離、遠距離）」、「色彩敏銳度（色弱、色盲）」、「視野」和「光感」（夜盲、反光反應、畏光、對光敏感、暗適應、陰影與照明影響）」四個主要的部分；此外在外物部分的影響有「物體對比度」與「字跡潦草」；其他因素上有「時效需求」與「心理壓力」。

三、功能性視覺評估後應提供的服務內容有「視覺及其他感官知覺的運用訓練」、「輔具的認知與訓練」、「輔助工具與方法的創意激發」、「人力資源的應用方法」及「調整職務的方向」五大類。

四、形成自我因應策略發展的工作條件有兩項：一為有利於發展自我因應策略的工作條件，包含（一）獨立作業的任務；（二）獨立的工作環境；（三）自行安排工作執行順序；（四）可彈性使用設備的環境；（五）能適時調整職務的職場支持；（六）視障者個人積極發展策略的態度；（七）視障者對輔具熟悉度高時。二為易使用人力協助因應策略的工作條件，包含（一）辨識顏色複雜度高、相近或對比度低的物件；（二）遠距離的細部活動觀察；（三）有時效限制的工作內容；（四）與同事合作且需視力判別的工作；（五）工作環境異動大；（六）使用輔具效能過低或不適時；（七）耗用眼力工作。 This thesis describes the functional vision of the people with low vision and the strategies of self adjustment in their career. Total 5 samples were studied by the method of Qualitative data analysis accompany with personal profiles, including in-depth interview, the observation of their working situation, and the related data of clients. The findings were as follows:

For overcoming the challenge of functional vision, the methods/strategies which used at my studies were 1. To use the assistive devices. 2. To change the visual distance while at reading the articles. 3. To adjust the objects. 4. To change the working process. 5. To adjust the lighting. 6. To use such as touching, listening as the alternative helps 7. To have some personal assistants. 8. To adjust the job.

There are four major factors which will affect the strategy of self adjustment of function vision, these factors are 1. Visual acuity（near vision, middle vision, and far vision）. 2. Color vision（color weakness, color blind）. 3. Visual field. 4. The feel of light ( nyctalopia, reflective response, photophobia, sensitive to the light, dark adaptation, the effect of shadow and lighting). Besides, the contrast of object, cacography, pressure and effective are the other factors which can affect the strategy of self adjustment of functional vision 5 services should be provided after the survey of function vision; there are: the training of sight and the other body senses, the training and introduction of assistive devices, the brain storming of assistive devices and its usage, the usage of human resource and the direction of job adjustment. There are two items are necessary for the development of the strategy of self adjustment, one is to create a suitable working environment for the development of the strategy of self adjustment such as 1. The job can be done independently. 2. An independent working environment. 3. Adjustable working process. 4. The equipments which can be used flexibly. 5. The support for flexible job adjustment. 6. The attitude of the people with low vision for developing his future. 7. The high familiarity of assistive device. The other one is to create a working environment which can get the human assistance easy.

In the end of this thesis some suggestions for the further studies in the further are also provided.