以關注本位採用模式探討大學教師參與開放式課程之研究

Abstract

本研究欲了解大學教師參與開放式課程的情形，並利用關注本位採用模式分析大學教師參與開放式課程之使用階段，進而了解大學教師對於開放式課程的期望以及需要改進之處。本研究以國立臺灣師範大學做為研究場域，採用半結構式訪談法，訪談11位曾參與該校開放式課程錄製之大學教師，了解其參與原因、參與過程之改變、參與之困難與期望；最後利用訪談所得之資料分析每一位受訪者之使用階段。 研究結果顯示：在參與開放式課程之原因方面，教師接收到開放式課程錄製之邀請後，依據圖書館所提供之相關訊息來決定是否參與課程錄製；教師參與課程錄製之主要目的為增進校內學生的學習成效；教師會選擇課程內容適合被拍攝、適合以影片方式呈現、具有公開傳播價值以及教師本身對課程內容熟悉且教材準備完善的課程進行開放式課程的錄製。 教師參與開放式課程的過程中所做的改變包含：以符合開放式課程要求的方式準備教材、為配合課程之錄製做出改變、為了加深開放式課程對於學生的影響而做出改變等三項。 另外，利用關注本位採用模式分析發現，在11位參與開放式課程的受訪者中，有4位受訪者之使用階段達「機械式使用」、4位受訪者在「例行化」、3位受訪者在「精緻化」階段。 教師對於開放式課程的建議與期望包含三方面：增加參與誘因、減少教師備課負擔、增進對於學生的影響。 根據研究結果分析，本研究為國立臺灣師範大學圖書館推行開放試課程歸納五點建議：提供充足之資訊給參與教師、提供與教材相關之智慧財產權諮詢、定期進行使用者調查、蒐集教師對於開放式課程之意見作為改善依據、邀請特定教師錄製課程。The purpose of this study is to explore the current situation of university teachers’ participation in OpenCourseWare (OCW), to analyze the levels of use of the participants based on the concerns-based adoption model (CBAM), and to understand university teachers’ expectation on improvements in OCW. The scope of the investigation contains teachers in National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU). This study used semi-structured interview, investigating eleven university teachers who had participated in NTNU OCW, so as to understand the reason why they participated in NTNU OCW, their changes in behavior during the participation, and their expectation on NTNU OCW. According to the information collected in the interview, the levels of use of the eleven teachers were analyzed The main findings of this research are expounded as follows. Teachers made a decision of joining in the OCW according to the information about OCW from the NTNU Library. The major aim of teachers’ participation in OCW was to improve the learning efficiencies of students. Teachers would consider which kinds of courses were suitable for open courses, including courses which were appropriate to be displayed in the form of films, courses which had value to be recorded and disseminated in public, and courses which teachers were familiar with and prepared well for the courses recoding. During the participation in OCW, teachers experienced several changes in their behaviors, including preparing the course materials in a manner required by the OCW, and making changes to better cooperate with the courses recording and to increase the impacts on students. Moreover, among 11 teachers who participated in NTNU OCW, four teachers were at the level of mechanical use, four teachers reached the level of routine use, and three teachers reached the level of refinement use. Teachers’ expectation on OCW include: increasing rewards for the teachers who participate in OCW, reducing the burden of preparing for the courses, and increasing the influence on students. According to the research results, the following suggestions are proposed: supplying sufficient information about OCW to the teachers who participate in OCW; providing the consultation on copyright about educational materials; conducting user surveys regularly; investigating opinions about OCW from the teachers; inviting particular teachers to join in the open course recording.