青少年成癮物質使用態度、社會影響、拒絕自我效能與成癮物質使用意圖及行為之關係研究－以桃園縣國中學生為例

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解桃園縣國中學生之成癮物質使用態度、社會影響和拒絕自我效能與成癮物質使用意圖及行為的現況，以及檢視其成癮物質使用態度 、社會影響和拒絕自我效能對其成癮物質使用意圖及行為之影響。研究對象為98學年度第2學期桃園縣國民中學學生，採分層集束抽樣隨機從其中抽出15所學校，各校每一年級各一班，獲得有效樣本數為1,122名學生。研究工具為結構式問卷，以班級集體自填問卷方式蒐集資料。所得資料以t檢定、單因子變異數分析、迴歸分析和邏輯斯迴歸分析等方法進行統計分析。本研究結果如下： 一、受測學生目前有吸菸為59人(5.3%)，目前有飲酒為96人(18.9%)，曾經嚼檳榔有47人(4.2%)，曾經使用成癮藥物有7人(1%)。 二、學生為男生、學業成績排名為後面三分之一、自覺吸菸態度愈不反對、拒絕吸菸自我效能愈低、母親有吸菸、好友有吸菸、好友對學生吸菸態度愈不反對，其吸菸意圖愈高。受測學生為男生、8年級、自覺吸菸危險性愈低、拒絕吸菸自我效能愈低、母親教育程度為國小/國中、好友有吸菸者，其愈易有吸菸行為。 三、學生為自覺飲酒態度愈不反對、拒絕飲酒自我效能愈低、母親有飲酒、兄弟姊妹有飲酒、好友有飲酒、父親對學生飲酒態度愈不反對、好友對學生飲酒態度愈不反對者，其飲酒意圖愈高。受測學生自覺飲酒危險性愈低、拒絕飲酒自我效能愈低者、好友有飲酒、父親對學生飲酒態度愈不反對者，其愈易有飲酒行為。 四、學生為男生、自覺嚼檳榔態度愈不反對、拒絕嚼檳榔自我效能愈低、父親有嚼檳榔、兄弟姊妹對學生嚼檳榔態度愈不反對，其嚼檳榔意圖愈高。學生自覺嚼檳榔危險性愈低、拒絕嚼檳榔自我效能愈低、父親有嚼檳榔、兄弟姊妹對學生嚼檳榔態度愈不反對者，其愈易有嚼檳榔行為。 五、學生為學業成績排名為後面三分之一、自覺使用成癮藥物態度愈不反對、拒絕使用成癮藥物自我效能愈低者，其使用成癮藥物意圖愈高。 建議透過教育介入及宣導，幫助青少年對使用成癮物質建立正確的態度並學習拒絕成癮藥物使用技巧，以降低青少年使用成癮物質的危害。

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of adolescents’ attitudes, social influence, and refusal self-efficacy associated with substance use intention and behavior. A sample of 1,122 students from 15 junior high schools in Taoyuan County completed a self-administered survey. T-tests, one-way ANOVA, regression models, and logistic regression models were used to examine predictors of substance use intention and behavior. The results are summarized as follows. 1.About 5.3% of the students were current smokers, 18.9% of them were current drinkers, 4.2% of them had ever chewed betel-nut, and 1% of them had ever used illicit drugs. 2.Students being male, having poor academic performance, with lower disapproval attitude of smoking, lower refusal self-efficacy, mother’s smoking, peers’ smoking, and lower peers’ disapproval attitude predicted cigarette smoking intentions. Students being male, 8th graders, with lower perceived risk of smoking, lower refusal self-efficacy, lower mother’s education, and peers’ smoking were also related to students’ smoking behavior. 3.Students’ lower disapproval attitude of drinking, lower refusal self-efficacy, mother’s, sibling’s and peer’s drinking, and lower father’s and peer’s disapproval attitudes predicted alcohol drinking intentions. Students’ lower perceived risk of drinking, lower refusal self-efficacy, peer’s drinking, lower father’s disapproval attitudes also were related to students’ use of alcohol. 4.Students being male, with lower disapproval attitude of betel-nut chewing, lower refusal self-efficacy, father’s betel-nut chewing, and sibling’s disapproval attitudes predicted betel-nut chewing intentions. Student’s lower perceived risk of betel-nut chewing, lower refusal self-efficacy, father’s betel-nut chewing, and sibling’s disapproval attitudes were related to students’ betel-nut chewing. 5.Students having poor academic performance, with lower disapproval attitude, and lower refusal self-efficacy predicted illicit drug use intentions. Drug education and media campaigns should be implemented to enhance students’ anti-drug attitudes and refusal self-efficacy.