分析奧林匹克運動會與世界錦標賽男子競技體操對於2024奧運會未來發展趨勢探討

Abstract

問題背景：隨著臺灣競技體操的發展，地板、鞍馬及單槓有了全新的突破，在2017年臺北世界大學運動會、2018年雅加達亞洲運動會取得相當優異的成績，更在2019年科特布斯世界競技體操錦標賽獲得了2020年東京奧林匹克運動會成隊參賽資格，如何掌握六個項目的變化性與發展性是作為發展男子競技體操的重要環節，對於前進2024奧運會是不可缺少的至關因素。目的：分析2021、2022年世錦賽及2020年奧運會男子地板、鞍馬、吊環、跳馬、雙槓及單槓決賽選手整套編排內容，並探討前進2024年奧運會未來發展趨勢。方法：參加世錦賽及奧運會地板、鞍馬、吊環、跳馬、雙槓及單槓決賽項目之前八名男子選手作為研究對象，並由國際級、A級和B級裁判證的三位記錄員，使用影像動作觀察法來取得整套之難度價值分 (Difficulty Score)、實施分 (Execution Score)、難度價值數量 (Difficulty Value Amount)、動作類群 (Element Groups)、連接加分 (Connection Value)以上五項數據，並採用SPSS 23.0統計軟體進行單因子變異數分析、卡方檢定及描述性統計分析，統計水準將設定為α=.05。結果：發現以單因子變異數分析在難度價值分、實施分及連接加分達顯著差異，以卡方檢定在難度價值數量達顯著差異，而動作類群無達顯著差異。建議：以增加難度價值分、難度價值數量及提升實施分的穩定性為前往2024奧林匹克運動會的主要方向。

Background: With the advancement of competitive gymnastics in Taiwan, significant breakthroughs have been made in floor exercise, pommel horse, and horizontal bar. Exceptional results were achieved at the 2017 Taipei Universiade, 2018 Jakarta Asian Games, and the team qualified for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games at the 2019 Stuttgart World Gymnastics Championships. Understanding the changes and developments in the six events is vital for the progression of men's gymnastics, an essential factor for moving toward the 2024 Olympics. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the composition of routines for male finalists in floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars, and horizontal bar in the 2021 and 2022 World Championships and the 2020 Olympic Games, and to explore future developmental trends leading up to the 2024 Olympic Games. Method: The top eight male finalists in the aforementioned events at the World Championships and Olympic Gameswere selected as subjects for the study. Three recorders holding international, A-level, and B-level judging credentials used video motion observation to obtain data on five metrics: Difficulty Score, Execution Score, Difficulty Value Amount, Element Groups, and Connection Value. Analysis was conducted using SPSS 23.0 for one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, and descriptive statistical analysis, with a significance level set at α=.05. Results: Significant differences were found in Difficulty Value Score, Execution Score, and Connection Value through one-way ANOVA, and in Difficulty Value Amount through the Chi-square test, while no significant differences were found in Element Groups. Recommendations: The main direction towards the 2024 Olympic Games should focus on increasing the Difficulty Score, Difficulty Value Amount, and enhancing the stability of Execution Score.