我國大學校園人權之研究 －以大學學生自治權為例

Abstract

憲法第11條規定：「人民有言論、講學、著作及出版之自由。」憲法保障講學自由，不只保障講授學術的自由，同時也保障研究學術的自由，並維護講授與研究學術所需的大學自治制度，校園人權才能落實。校園人權作為防禦權的保護法益，主要體現於為了學術活動上的自我實現，而賦予人民對抗國家高權侵犯的主觀公權利，所形成的學術自由憲法保護，在此基礎上，校園人權的保護法益包括：研究自由、學習自由與學生自治。 透過大學自治保障校園人權，司法院釋字第380號解釋揭示：「憲法第11條關於講學自由之規定，以保障學術自由為目的，學術自由之保障，應自大學組織及其他建制方面，加以確保，亦即為制度性之保障。為保障大學之學術自由，應承認大學自治之制度，對於研究、教學及學習等活動，擔保其不受不當之干涉，使大學享有組織經營之自治權能，個人享有學術自由。」「學生自治」概念的落實，是臺灣解嚴後各種學生運動沒間斷追求目標，學生自治所訴求的主要內涵在於：學生的學習事務與公共事務，應由學生參與及管理，而藉此排除國家或大學違法或不當的干涉。 本研究探討校園人權及大學學生自治之議題，包括有關已開發國家學生自治為例，探究校園人權、大學學生自治現況、法制問題之檢視，對大學學生自治功能、相關法令提出策進建議，以供各界之參考。The Article 11st of R.O.C. Constitution states: " People have the freedom of speech , teaching, writing and publishing ". The Constitution protects the freedom of academic activities accordingly, it is not only on the domain of teaching, but also on research , and to maintain the academicautonomy as well so that the goal of human rights on campus can be achieved. Campus human rights as a defense rights of theprotection of legal interests, mainly on self-realization of the academic activities , and giving people against the violation due to subjective public high right from the Nation ,the constitutionally protection thus formed, on this basis , to protect the campus of human rights legal interests including: research freedom, freedom to learn and student self-governed. Protection of human rights in campus through University Autonomy , the Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 380 explanation of the Autonomous University revealed : " Article 11 of the Constitution, the provisions on the freedom to give lectures to protect academic freedom for the purpose of protection of academic freedom should come from her organization and organizational construction aspects of the University , to be ensure , that is to set up the Institutional Protection mechanism to protect the university 's academic freedom. The University autonomy should be recognized by the system , for research, teaching and learning activities , free from improper interference , so that universities would have theoperating performance from the autonomy organizations, and individuals own the academic freedom. The Implementation of the concept of student self-governed , is the goal of student movement after the lifting of martial law in Taiwan , the main content of the appeal lies in student self-governed : students’ participation and management in public affair domains, and free from illegal or improper interference .by the Government orUniversity administrative authorities. This Research investigated the issues of human rights on campus and student self-governed as well , including the student self-governed in some Advanced countries , to explore the campus of human rights , the current status of the Autonomy, and the aspect of legalization. The author tried to present the reality of current function of student self-governed on Campus and the improvement direction of the related laws/ regulations for readers’ reference.