臺灣2016至2019年進口兒童圖畫書插畫風格分析

Abstract

圖畫書在兒童閱讀與審美教育中佔有舉足輕重的地位，由於臺灣長期進口外國兒童圖畫書，來自不同國家的插畫風格對國內創作者與讀者產生潛移默化的影響。從既有國內圖畫書插畫風格研究的結果觀察，它們反映了不同時空背景下圖畫書普遍的風格特徵。然而尚未有研究針對特定時空下的進口兒童圖畫書風格進行深入分析。因此本研究針對臺灣於2016年至2019年出版之進口兒童圖畫書插畫風格進行比較與分析，探討與分析該時期的圖畫書插畫家風格特色。以臺北市立圖書館總館與民生圖書館之圖畫書為樣本來源，先以圖畫書繪者國籍分類與統計，再根據當年度各國所佔百分比進行系統分層抽樣，得到682筆插畫樣本。研究方法承襲伊彬（2015）的整體直觀法與14種風格大項進行分類，項目名稱如下：「類西畫表現」、「類國畫表現」、「設計概念式繪畫」、「抒情寫實」、「溫馨甜美」、「童話卡通特質」、「漫畫氣質」、「怪趣」、「童趣」、「裝飾圖案化特質」、與「類版畫剪紙等民俗特質」、「立體書」、「拼貼」、「並置」。研究結果將既有研究中的14大項風格增為15大項。結論包括：（1）整體圖畫書風格偏向年輕、兒童化，以「童話卡通」、「漫畫」、「裝飾圖案化特質」風格為三大主軸。（2）出現結合人物模型與小型劇場進行拍攝的「劇場攝影風格」。（3）亞洲國家插畫風格朝向兒童主義風格發展。（4）歐美國家風格雖然多集中於「童卡」卻保留有插畫家個人特色。（5）韓國風格在亞洲國家中變化劇烈，並且偏向西方國家氣質。本研究同時觀察到：（1）熱門動畫電影改編圖畫書、次文化風格影響兒童審美。（2）插畫家受流行風格影響而出現「扁平化」圖畫書風格。（3）兒童對圖畫書互動需求增加形成紙本立體書的多樣化。（5）出版社進口跨年齡圖畫書，臺灣邁向全年齡圖像閱讀。（6）視障讀者的圖像閱讀議題需被重視，圖書館並未有完整雙視圖畫書資源，而以點字圖畫書居多。期望以上結果能提供國內藝術教育學者、出版社、創作者與研究人員作為插畫風格研究之參考依據。Picture books play a pivotal role in children's reading and aesthetic education. Taiwan has long imported foreign children's picture books, and the illustration styles from different countries have had a subtle influence on domestic creators and children readers. From the results of domestic picture book illustration style studies, it is observed that they reflect the general style characteristics of picture books in different time and space contexts. However, no research has conducted an in-depth analysis of imported children's picture books in a specific time period. Therefore, this research compares and analyzes the illustration styles of imported children's picture books published in Taiwan from 2016 to 2019 to explore and analyze the stylistic characteristics of picture book illustrators in that period, by using picture books from the Taipei Main Library and the Minsheng Library as sample sources. After sampling, 682 illustration samples were obtained. The research method follows the overall intuitive method of I, bin (2015) and classifies 14 styles with the following names: "Western painting-like style", "Chinese painting-like style", "Designconcept painting", "Lyrical realism", "Warm and sweet style ", "Fairy tale cartoon style" , "Comic book ", "Quirky style", "Childish style ", "Decorative patterned style", "Printmaking-like paper-cutting and other folkloric style ", "Three-dimensional book", "Collage style ", and "Paper-printing style ".The results of the research increased the number of styles from 14 to 15. The findings include: (1) The overall style of picture books tends to be young and child-oriented, with "Fairy tale cartoon style", "Comic book", and "Decorative patterned style" as the three main axes. (2) The results of the research added a "Theater photography style" that combines character models and small theaters for filming. (3) The style of illustration in Asian countries has evolved towards a childlike style. (4) European and American countries are developing towards an all-ages style, with a variety of styles, and a few of them are highly identifiable. (5) Korean style is the most variable among Asian countries, and itis inclined to the western style. The research also observed that: (1) Popular animated movies adapted picture books and subcultural styles influenced children's aesthetics. (2) Illustrators were influenced by popular styles and "flattened" picture book styles. (3) Children's demand for interactive picture books increased, resulting in the diversification of paper-based stand-up books. (4) Publishers imported cross-age picture books and Taiwan moved toward all-age picture reading. (5) The issue of picture reading for visually impaired readers needs to be taken seriously. Libraries do not have complete dual-vision picture book resources, but rather Braille picture books. It isexpected that the above results will serve as a reference for art education scholars, publishers, illustration creators and researchers in Taiwan.