臺北市高中績優柔道教練訓練行為之個案研究

Abstract

目的：本研究目的旨在以臺北市高中績優柔道教練分析其訓練行為，並探討教練與選手對教練訓練行為的知覺。方法：以修改版的ASUOI觀察工具 ，分析歸納3位教練與30位選手並觀察不同訓練階段共9次訓練行為，最後透過知覺問卷、訪談、實地筆記等蒐集資料分析結果如下：一、個案教練們訓練行為以指導類為主佔76.24％，最常出現之行為依序為當場指導、正面示範、肢體協助、催促；非指導類行為佔23.76％，最少出現的行為是負面示範、無法編碼、責備、發問；指導以正面示範為主，回饋以讚美多於責備方式進行訓練，而訓練行為次數比賽前期＞中期＞後期，越接近比賽期訓練行為會隨著教練模擬比賽情境而逐漸減少。二、教練知覺與選手知覺經統計工具檢驗兩者間皆為顯著一致性，可視為有效訓練的表現；經訪談後發現雙方表面的觀點一致性相當高，而正面示範、肢體協助、口語催促為教練與選手認為最常出現之行為，深入探究卻稍有差異更突顯出質量相輔的重要性。

Purpose: The study included two purposes: One attempted to analyze the coaching behavior of Judo coaches in the City of Taipei, giving their students training courses to get performance in the Judo contests, and the other aimed to explore coaches’ and Judo trainees’ perceptions of the given coaching behavior. Participants: Three coaches and thirty trainees were recruited by a random sampling method from a purposeful selected high school in the Taipei City. Method: A qualitative research method was adopted with several research instruments, including a revised ASUOI observation protocol to record 9 sessions of Judo training behavior followed by a questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and field notes. Data analysis: The results of the collected data were summarized as follows: 1. The instruction-oriented training took up 76.24% of the coaching behavior of the three selected cases, among which the most frequent coaching behavior observed referred to on-spot instruction, positive demonstration, body assistance and hustle respectively; on the other hand, non-coaching behavior took up 23.76%, with the least appeared behaviour—negative demonstration, undecodable, blame, and question-posing. Moreover, the major instruction referred to positive demonstration and the feedback for proceeding the training focused on praise-giving rather than blame-giving. Regarding the frequency of training behavior, it was found that the times of training were beginning  mid-term  post-session of the contest and they would be decreased gradually in accordance with the coaches’ mock contest given when approaching the contest date. 2. The statistical results showed significantly consistent in the perceptions of coaching behavior between coaches and trainees. They were regarded as effective coaching performance. The semi-structured interview results revealed that a high level of consistency was found between the two participant groups (coaches and Judo trainees), in which these participants suggested that the most frequent shown coaching behavior included positive demonstration, body assistance, and oral hustle. In addition, when probed more in-depth, the study found some slightly differences in the explored coaching behavior perceptions between these two groups, reflecting that it was of great significance to make a balance between a qualitative and a quantitative research method applied.