以計畫行為理論探討臺灣父親申請育嬰假之行為意圖

Abstract

現今的臺灣政府提供符合申請資格的勞工，不論是父親還是母親皆能在孩子三歲前申請最多兩年的育嬰留職停薪假，並可以領取最多六個月的育嬰留職停薪津貼，其額度為投保薪資的八成。有了部分經濟保障，也許正是原申請率低迷的男性，近年有較大幅度上升的原因。本研究將運用計畫行為理論的架構，了解國內具有資格申請育嬰假的父親，為何選擇申請或不申請育嬰假。本研究於2022年11月至2023年1月止，經由立意及便利取樣，共收到396份有效問卷。分析結果發現：(1)過去申請過育嬰假的父親與未申請過育嬰假的父親，在未來申請育嬰假的行為意圖、態度及知覺行為控制得分上有顯著差異。(2)父親對於育嬰假的了解程度（r = .149，p<.01）與其申請育嬰假的意圖有顯著相關。(3)父親的態度（r = .353，p<.001）、主觀規範（r = .360，p <.001）和知覺行為控制（r = .600，p <.001）與其申請育嬰假的行為意圖有顯著相關。(4)整體模型能解釋父親申請育嬰假之意圖40.1%的變異，其中擁有最高解釋力的變項為知覺行為控制，其可解釋14%的父親申請育嬰假之行為意圖的變異。 本研究的發現有助了解男性申請育嬰假的需求與現況，作為政府在制定相關政策的參考。對於日益優化與便利的育嬰假新政，家長不一定能第一時間了解可以如何運用，若能加強宣導相關的育嬰假權益，也許能促進父親申請育嬰假的機會。期望政府藉由鼓勵實施友善家庭政策的企業與機構，打造對於育兒家庭更為友善的就業環境。Taiwan's government has improved the parental leave policy in recent years. Parents with a newborn child are eligible for applying six months of paid parental leave. Taiwanese fathers are becoming more involved in parenting as parental leave policies evolve. This study aimed to understand fathers’ intentions to apply for parental leave. A questionnaire was constructed, and a convenience sample of 396 fathers who were eligible for parental leave were interviewed. The result showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the behavioral intention, attitude and perceived behavioral control scores of fathers who had applied for parental leave in the past and fathers who had not applied for parental leave in the past. (2) The father's knowledge of parental leave (r = .149, p<.01) was significantly correlated with his intention to apply for parental leave. (3) The father's attitude (r = .353, p<.001), subjective norm (r = .360, p <.001) and perceived behavioral control (r = .600, p <.001) were significantly related to his behavioral intention to apply for parental leave. (4) The overall model can explain 40.1% of the variation in the father's intention to apply for parental leave, of which the variable with the highest explanatory power is perceived behavioral control, which can explain the variation of the father's intention to apply for parental leave in 14%. The findings of this study will help to understand the demand and current situation of men applying for parental leave, and serve as a reference for the government in formulating relevant policies. For the increasingly optimized and convenient new parental leave policy, parents may not be able to understand how to use it at the first time, if government can strengthen the promotion of relevant parental leave rights, it may promote the opportunityfor fathers to apply for parental leave. It is hoped that the government will encourage enterprises and organizations that implement family-friendly policies to create a more family-friendly employment environment.