撞球運動參與者社會支持、流暢體驗與主觀幸福感之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討國中之撞球運動參與者，其社會支持、流暢體驗及主觀幸福感之現況及不同背景變項之國中撞球運動參與者之社會支持、流暢體驗及幸福感之差異、社會支持與流暢體驗之相關程度及社會支持與流暢體驗對主觀幸福感之預測力。以100-101學年度全國中等學校撞球錦標賽參賽國中學校之撞球運動參與者為研究對象，利用問卷調查法，共發出問卷205份，問卷有效回收率100%。將收集之數據以次數分配、描述性統計、t檢定、典型相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析、單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行分析。所得結果如下： 一、隊友在訓練的過程中最具影響力，目標與技巧的平衡是最能表現出的流暢體驗，主觀幸福感受會因家人支持的感受增加而提升。 二、社會支持中男性撞球運動參與者的知覺高於女性、九年級撞球運動參與者的知覺高於七年級、每周平均練習時間3小時之撞球運動參與者的知覺高於每周平均練習時間1小時之撞球運動參與者、高雄市之撞球運動參與者的知覺高於其他縣市。 三、流暢體驗中男性撞球運動參與者的知覺高於女性、最佳參賽等級為全國賽的撞球運動參與者的知覺高於未參加過比賽的撞球運動參與者、臺北市之撞球運動參與者的知覺高於其他縣市。 四、主觀幸福感中男性撞球運動參與者的知覺高於女性、參加球隊時間1年撞球運動參與者的知覺高於參加球隊時間2年的撞球運動參與者，七年級撞球運動參與者的知覺高於八年級、最佳參賽等級為全國賽的撞球運動參與者的知覺高於參加縣市比賽的撞球運動參與者、屏東縣之撞球運動參與者的知覺高於其他縣市。 五、社會支持及流暢體驗間具有典型相關存在，當社會支持的「家人支持」、「導師支持」、教練支持」愈高，對流暢體驗的「動作與控制感」接受度也愈高。 六、社會支持的「隊友支持」、「教練支持」及流暢體驗的「目標與技巧的平衡」及「動作與控制感」對主觀幸福感的「學習滿意度與正向情緒」有預測力；社會支持的「家人支持」、「教練支持」及「隊友支持」對主觀幸福感的「負向情緒」有預測力；社會支持的「家人支持」對「整體主觀幸福感」有預測力。The purposes of this study were to discuss the following four aspects. First, the status of the junior high school billiard players’ social support, flow experience and their subjective well-being status. Next, the difference among social support, flow experience and subjective well-being status of the junior high school billiard players with different background. Third, the correlation between their social support and flow experience. Last, how the junior high school billiards players’ social support and flow experience could predict their subject well-being status. The target samples were the junior high school students who participated in 2011-2012 National High Schools Billiards Championship, and the questionnaire was the main investigated method. The number of the effective samples was 205, and of which 100% were collected. Descriptive statistics methods- frequency distribution, t-test, one-way ANOVA, canonical correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used in the data analysis. The results were as followed. 1. Teammate support was the most influential factor in the training process of the junior high school billiards trainees. Goals-skills balance was the most obvious flow experience. And subjective well-being status was increased by the enhance of family support. 2. In social support, the male billiard players’ perception was higher than the female players’. The perception of the ninth graders was higher than that of the seven graders. The players who practiced average three hours per week had higher perception than those whose practice time was only one hour per week. Kaohsiung City’s players had higher perception of social support than the participants from all the other cities in Taiwan. 3. As for flow experience, the male billiard players’ perception was higher than the female players’. Those whose best participating level was the national competitons had higher perception than those who had not taken part in any billiard competitions. The school billiard players from Taipei City had higher perception of flow experience than those who came from any other citiy in Taiwan. 4. The male players’ perception of subjective well-being status was higher than the female players’. The participants who joined the school billiard team for one year had higher perception of subjective well-being status than those who had two-year expereince did. The players whose best competition level was the national ones had higher perception of subjective well-being status than those whose best competition level was the county or city competitions did. The participants from Pingtong had higher perception than the ones from all their other cities in Taiwan. 5.There was typical correlation between social support and flow experience. In social support, the higher family support, teacher support, and coach support the players could percept, the higher motion and sence of control of flow experience they could accept. 6. Learning satisfaction and positive emotion of subjective well-being status could be predicted by the teammate support and coach support of the social support as well as the goals-skills balance and motion and sence of control of the flow experience. Negetive emotion of subjective well-being status could be predictable from the family support, coach support and teammate support of social support. The whole subjective well-being status could be predicted by family support of social support.