攝取冷飲對Yo-Yo間歇耐力測驗表現之影響

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在探討運動前攝取冷飲對隨後Yo-Yo間歇耐力測驗表現與相關生理指標之影響。方法：本研究招募12名大專甲組男性籃球選手為研究對象。採重複量數、平衡次序之實驗設計，讓受試者分別接受2種不同實驗處理：運動前30分鐘內攝取冷水 (7.5 ml·kg-1、4 °C；冷水處理) 或溫水 (7.5 ml·kg-1、37 °C；溫水處理) 。藉以觀測攝取冷飲對Yo-Yo間歇耐力測驗表現，以及核心溫度 (core temperature, CT) 、心跳率 (heart rate, HR) 、運動自覺努力程度 (rating of perceived exertion, RPE) 、溫度感覺 (temperature sensation, TS) 和肌肉氧飽和度 (muscle oxygen saturation) 等生理指標之影響。實驗時蒐集之資料以四分差之方式進行分析。結果：攝取冷飲未能顯著提升Yo-Yo間歇耐力測驗表現、心跳率和運動自覺努力程度 (p > .05) ，但能夠顯著降低攝取時第4時間區段 (冷水 vs. 溫水，36.8 ± 0.2 °C vs. 37.1 ± 0.3 °C，p< .05) 及運動中第1和第2時間區段的核心溫度 (冷水 vs. 溫水，第1時間區段，36.8 ± 0.2 °C vs. 37.1 ± 0.3 °C，p < .05；第2時間區段，37.2 ± 0.1 °C vs. 37.4 ± 0.3 °C，p < .05) ，以及顯著擴大攝取時的核心溫度下降幅度 (冷水 vs. 溫水，-0.38 ± 0.07 % vs. -0.04 ± 0.07 %，p < .05) 和縮小運動時的核心溫度上升幅度 (冷水 vs. 溫水，1.02 ± 0.19 % vs. 1.44 ± 0.13 %，p < .05) 。此外，攝取冷飲也能顯著降低運動前的溫度感覺 (冷水 vs. 溫水，2.6 ± 1.4分 vs. 3.7 ± 0.5分，p < .05) ，以及顯著縮小運動中肌肉總血紅素之下降幅度 (冷水 vs. 溫水，-2.8 ± 1.5 µmol vs. -9.1 ± 2.8 µmol，p < .05) 。結論：在運動前30分鐘內攝取冷飲 (7.5 ml·kg-1、4 °C) 可以降低核心溫度、溫度感覺和運動中肌肉總血紅素之下降幅度，但可能無法促進受過良好訓練運動員的高強度間歇運動表現。

Purpose: To investigate the effects of cold water ingestion before exercise on Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IE1) performance and physiological responses. Methods: Twelve Division I collegiate basketball players were recruited, and completed cold (4 °C) and warm (37 °C) water ingestion trials in randomized, counter-balanced order. In each trial, each participant drank cold or warm water (7.5 ml·kg-1) within 30-min before the Yo-Yo IE1 test. The core temperature (CT), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), temperature sensation (TS), and muscle oxygen saturation were recorded during the drinking period and Yo-Yo test. The collected data from the drinking and exercise periods were divided into 4 quarters (Q1 to Q4), respectively. Results: There were no significant differences in Yo-Yo IE1 test performance, HR and RPE between trials (p > .05). The CT at Q4 of drinking period was significantly lower in cold trial (cold vs. warm, 36.8 ± 0.2 °C vs. 37.1 ± 0.3 °C, p< .05). The CT at Q1 (cold vs. warm, 36.8 ± 0.2 °C vs. 37.1 ± 0.3 °C) and Q2 (cold vs. warm, 37.2 ± 0.1 °C vs. 37.4 ± 0.3 °C) of exercise period was significantly lower in cold trial (p < .05). The magnitude of decreases in CT during drinking period was significantly greater in cold trial (cold vs. warm, -0.38 ± 0.07 % vs. -0.04 ± 0.07 %, p < .05). The magnitude of increases in CT during exercise period was significantly smaller in cold trial (cold vs. warm, 1.02 ± 0.19 % vs. 1.44 ± 0.13 %, p <.05). The TS before exercise test was significantly lower in cold trial (cold vs. warm, 2.6 ± 1.4 vs. 3.7 ± 0.5, p< .05). The changes in total hemoglobin (tHb) during exercise period was significantly smaller in cold trial (cold vs. warm, -2.8 ± 1.5 µmol vs. -9.1 ± 2.8 µmol, p < .05). Conclusion: Cold water (7.5 ml·kg-1, 4 °C) ingestion within 30-min before exercise might decrease CT, TS and changes in tHb, however, it might not improve high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in well-trained athletes.