單次性高低認知要求運動對成年人抑制控制之影響

Abstract

目的：過去多在探討運動對認知功能的影響。越來越多證據指出在運動中加入認知要求，對促進認知功能的效果更好。本研究目的為：一、探討單次性運動中加入高與低的認知要求對於成年人抑制控制之影響。二、探討特定種類的認知要求是否能夠促進特定的執行功能。方法：本研究招募 30 名成年人，並採用組內設計的方式使每一位參與者皆完成控制情境 (AC)、低認知要求運動情境 (LE)以及高認知要求運動情境 (HE)。運動前後使用Flanker task以及SRT (simple reaction time) task 進行測量。結果：行為結果顯示在高認知要求運動情境的Flanker反應時間進步量顯著高於控制情境，且在不一致情境的Flanker測驗中，高認知要求運動情境下的反應時間進步量也高於低認知情境。三個情境之間的SRT task反應時間進步量則沒有顯著差異。而P3振幅以及P3潛時則皆無顯著差異。討論與結論：在運動中加入認知要求能夠有效的促進成年人的抑制控制，且加入的認知要求劑量越多則對抑制控制的促進效果越好。另外，在運動中加入特定的認知要求就能夠促進特定的執行功能。

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive demand during acute exercise on the inhibitory control. In a within-subject design, 30 male participants (age = 24 ± 3.7 years) performed 20-min sessions of active control (AC), low cognitive demand exercise (LE), and high cognitive demand exercise (HE) on separate days in counterbalanced order. Following each session, a flanker task and a SRT (simple reaction time) task were performed to assess inhibitory control and processing speed. The P3 component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) was measured during flanker task and SRT task. Behavioral data showed that the participants performed significantly larger improvement in flanker reaction time following HE compared with AC condition. There was insignificantly different improvement in the SRT reaction time among three conditions. Electrophysiological data revealed that there was no significant different P3 amplitude and latency between three conditions. In conclusion, the findings suggest that adding cognitive demand to exercise could promote inhibitory control in adults. In addition, different type of cognitive demand might facilitate to different executive function.