澎湖群島高中職學生環境素養調查與地方感影響分析

Abstract

1977年伯利西環境教育會議指出環境教育是要培養出具有「環境素養」的公民，有環境素養的人包含以下特質：（1）對整體環境的覺知與敏感性；（2）對環境問題瞭解並具有經驗；（3）具有價值觀及關切環境的情感；（4）具有辨認和解決環境問題的技能；（5）參與各階層解決環境問題的工作。「地方感」是對於一個地方具有歷史、文化、地理、生態的感覺或情感，可協助我們去發現個人與環境的連結；透過對於地方的瞭解，可養成愛鄉親土的情懷。而培養具有環境素養的公民，經由「地方感」的連結，是一個很好的方法。澎湖縣為一由90個小島所組成之群島，單位面積海岸線長度是台灣本島的55倍，四周環海，來自不同偏遠離島學生，成長環境差異大，對於環境的認識與個人環境經驗之影響是否不同，為本研究探討對象。

本研究目的希望瞭解澎湖群島高中職學生環境素養與地方感現況，並探討來自不同島嶼學生之地方感相異之處。主要以「島嶼公民環境素養」為架構，內涵包括五大範疇：環境知識、島嶼環境議題的覺知、關切環境的情感與態度、分析和解決環境問題的技能、及參與環境問題的行動能力，並加入「地方感」的要素。本研究使用問卷調查法，對澎湖縣內兩所高中階段學校：「國立馬公高級中學」和「國立澎湖高級海事水產職業學校」進行抽樣調查。共發出與回收問卷505份，有效問卷為431份，採用統計軟體SPSS12.0進行分析。再對高中老師及不同離島之學生，進行深入訪談，補充問卷調查之不足部分。

研究結果如下：（1）澎湖群島高中職學生對澎湖島嶼環境基本認識需加強；（2）學生對島嶼環境議題敏感度高；（3）學生具有積極關切環境的情感及價值觀；（4）分析和解決環境問題的技能待加強；（5）參與環境問題的行動偏少。（6）在成長背景上，性別、學校、年籍、居住時間與社團參與會影響環境素養；（7）且學生的重要生命經驗均對環境素養有正向的影響。（8）比較不同島嶼發現，偏遠離島的學生擁有較豐富的海洋經驗；（9）整體而言，澎湖群島高中職學生對地方感認同度高。Environmental literacy refers to citizens with the following characters, 1) an awareness and sensitivity to the total environment and its allied problems; 2) a variety of experience in, and acquire a basic understanding of, the environment and its associated problems; 3) a set of values and feelings of concern for the environment and the motivation for actively participating in environmental improvement and protection; 4) the skills for identifying and solving environmental problems; and 5)to be actively involved at all levels in working toward resolution of environmental problems. While“Sense of place”implies the connection to and respect for a certain place. It is often used in relation to those characteristics that make a place special or unique, as well as to those that foster a sense of authentic human attachment and belonging. This study aim to analyze what life experiences might affect youngsters’ sense of place and that foster their environmental literacy.

With bounded areas and unique ocean/land environment, islands often provide unique living experiences. This study choose Penghu archipelago in Taiwan as study area that is composed by 90 small islands and one main island. A questionnaire with components of island environmental literacy and sense of place was applied to measure high school students’ sense and experience about environment, and make a comparison among students who come from different islands of the archipelago. A total of 505 sets of questionnaires were sent out to the only two high schools on the archipelago, 431 sets was effective return. Statistical software SPSS12.0 was used for data analysis. Additional interviews were conducted to compensate the questionnaires.

Main findings from the survey include, (1) Students’ knowledge about their island environment varied from students’ groups; (2) most students have high level of awareness and sensitivity on island issues; (3) the level of students’ environmental attitude and concerns on local environmental issues problems are at higher degree than on global issues; (4) the skills in analyzing and solving environmental problems are not as expected; (5) the actual environmental actions are low in frequent; (6) personal background factors, such as gender, islands where they grew up, years of living on one island, school and outdoor activities, have influenced the performance of students’ environmental literacy; and that (7) some important life experiences with ocean and nature have positive influence; (8) students who live on remote and smaller isles got abundant experiences and knowledge on ocean and island, as well as better rooted sense of place; (9) overall high school students in Penghu archipelago present strong sense of place and high place identity.