教練領導風格與感恩特質對運動員利社會行為及反社會行為之預測

Abstract

在運動最高殿堂2012年倫敦奧運，羽球女子雙打涉打放水球事件，或是2016里約奧運女子5000公尺扶起對手，諸多運動場域中道德行為頗受到關注，而教練與選手關係密切，且感恩被譽為美德之母，過去研究僅從人格或環境因素單一探討，鮮少有互動論的觀點，有鑑於此，本研究目的：探討教練領導風格及感恩對運動員利社會、反社會行為間的關係，並檢驗其交互作用。本研究係以大專院校運動選手為研究對象，採用問卷調查與資料統計分析，研究結果顯示：（1）感恩可以正向預測運動利社會行為，負向預測運動反社會行為（2）教練自主支持風格可以正向預測運動利社會行為，負向預測運動反社會行為，教練控制風格負向預測運動利社會行為，正向預測運動反社會行為（3）感恩與知覺教練領導風格對運動利社會與反社會行為皆有交互作用。根據此結果，本研究討論與建議，提升運動員感恩及教練自主支持領導風格，以利未來對於運動競技場域中，促使運動競技選手擁有運動利社會行為，避免運動反社會行為，使賽事更加順利、圓滿。

Gratitude has been attracting attention in recent years. In 2012 London Olympics, badminton women's doubles competition charged with misconduct after trying to lose their games causing a lot of controversy, also have runners helped each other to carry on after tripping in the women’s 5,000 meters race in 2016 Rio Olympics. These ethical behaviors in the sporting event have been much discussed. However the major problem in previous studies ignoring interaction perspective and only takes personality and environmental factors into account. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived coach’s leadership style and prosocial and antisocial behavior, also the moderating effect of gratitude. This study empirically use the adopted survey method to measure the variable in college students and our result shows that (a) Gratitude can positively predict prosocial behavior and negatively predict antisocial behavior. (b) Coaches' autonomy support style can positively predict prosocial behavior and negatively predict antisocial behavior. By the contrast, coaches' control leadership style can negatively predict social behavior and positively predict antisocial behavior. (c) There are interactions between prosocial or antisocial behavior and athletes' gratitude as well as perception coach leadership style. Based on the results of this study, we highly recommended enhancing athlete gratitude and coach autonomy leadership style to promote athletes having prosocial behavior in sports competition, avoid antisocial behavior in order to make the sports event more impartiality in the future.