高職學生的健康資訊需求與資訊行為研究─以臺北市某高職為例

Abstract

高中職階段是青少年成長過程中的特殊時期，他們介於兒童與成人的過渡期，生理上的明顯成熟使他們更加注重身高體重與外表的變化，繁重的課業也產生各種心理壓力，同時，同儕的影響力上升，人際相處的需求，以及與家庭關係的變化都一再地影響著高中職學生。以往他們被認為是健康的族群，因此其健康資訊需求往往容易被忽略，但這些健康資訊需求若是不能被妥善「處理」，將可能產生社會問題或是對青少年未來生活品質的奠基有所影響。國外學者於1980年代早已對青少年的健康資訊需求與健康資訊行為進行單獨研究，反觀國內的專門研究仍佔少數，也較少針對高職學生進行探討。雖然一般資訊需求與資訊行為之研究亦會稍微提及健康資訊，但健康資訊涉及到身心靈及社會人際，較為個人與私密，與一般普遍的資訊需求與資訊行為可能略有不同。同時，國內外風土民情的差異，以及高中與高職在教育側重上的不同，是否也影響了高職學生的健康資訊需求與健康資訊行為？本研究以臺北市信義區某高職學校為例，透過訪談法探討高職學生的健康資訊需求與健康資訊行為，總共訪談了15位學生。研究結果發現，高職學生在生理、心理與社會面向上皆具有健康資訊需求，且認知與需求偏向日常的健康資訊；健康資訊尋求，篩選與評估資訊的方式較為簡易，無法靈活運用搜尋策略與檢索技巧，也會傾向優先利用容易理解與容易運用的資訊；最常使用的健康資訊來源管道是網際網路，其次是人際網絡，但仍會交互使用不同來源管道，以獲取更符合自身健康需求的資訊；而在尋求過程中遭遇的困難主要是找不到資訊、無法描述自己的健康資訊需求與無法判斷資訊品質，處理方式則有積極與消極兩種方式並存，他們會積極地更換關鍵字、更換資訊平台、或是更換來源管道，也可能會消極地放置或直接放棄此一健康資訊需求。最後針對學校、資訊提供者與高職學生分別提出實務與未來研究建議。Senior high school and vocational school are special periods in the growth process of young people. They are in the transitional period between children and adults. The obvious physical maturity makes them pay more attention to the changes in height, weight and appearance. Heavy schoolwork also causes various psychological pressures. At the same time, the influences of peers are rising. The needs of interpersonal relationships and changes in family relationships repeatedly affect senior high school and vocational students. In the past, they were regarded as a healthy group, so their health information needs were often overlooked. However, if their health information needs cannot be properly"handled", it may cause social problems or affect the quality of life of young people in the future. In the 1980s, foreign scholars had already conducted studies on the health information needs and health information behaviors of adolescents. However, there were few domestic studies, and these studies rarely focused on vocational students. Although research on general information needs and information behaviors may also discuss health information, health information involves physical, psychological, and social relationships, and is more personal and private. It may be different from general information needs and information behaviors. In addition, will the differences in customs and conditions in domestic and overseas, as well as the difference in education between senior high school and vocational school, also affect the health information needs and health information behaviors of vocational students?This study took a vocational school in Xinyi District, Taipei City as the research subject to investigate the health information needs and health information behaviors of vocational students through interviews. A total of 15 students were interviewed. The results found that vocational students had health information needs in physical, psychological and social aspects, and their cognition and needs of health information tended to be daily health information. They used simple way to seek, screen and evaluate information, and could not use search strategies and retrieval skills flexibly. They also tended to use the information that is easy to understand and utilize preferentially. The most often used health information source channel was the Internet, followed by the interpersonal network. But they would still use different channels interactively to obtain information that best meets their health needs. The main difficulties they encountered in the search process were unable to find information, cannot describe their health needs and unable to judge the quality of information. There were two ways to deal with the difficulties, both positive and negative. They would actively change keywords, change information platforms, or change source channels, or they might negatively put aside or directly abandon this health information need. Finally, this study put forward practical and future research recommendations for schools, information providers and vocational students.