他者經驗的萌發-一種教練主體經驗的澄清

Abstract

本論文旨在探究運動教練的經驗歷程與知識建構的生發狀態。藉由列維納斯（Emmanuel Lévinas, 1906 - 1995）「為他」哲學的理論觀點，提供反思經驗的理路。本論文發現，運動教練的經驗是起於「為我」的享受。在「為我」的根基下，發展出教練經驗中整體性的理論概念，因而使教練的知識負有普遍性與共同性的特質。不過，在同一性的結構中，潛藏著許多「他異性」的特質，這種特質促成教練經驗的多元發展，深究其中，他異性的現身是經由「絕對他者」給出的。運動教練的經驗，除了自我意識主動的建構，同時在面對他者的被動狀態下，潛移默化的發展。這種取徑促使教練必然進入與他者面對面的接觸，符應「他者」的需求而存在。因此，存在教練經驗中最根本的特質，是一種倫理的關係，這種倫理關係是以「他者」為中心的，運動教練經由「為他」的立場開拓與創造自身的經驗與知識。此外，「他者」的出現，是對教練自我經驗體系的破除，打破了既有教練世界的秩序性，使教練得以越過同一性的界域，邁向真正的超越。所以，運動教練的經驗是受到他者的召喚而開啟，符應他者的責任而建構，透過他者的萌發而超越，在這種生生不息的狀態下，運動教練得以開創出不斷超越的經驗與知識。 關鍵字:運動教練.絕對他者.面對面.他異性This study aims to discuss the genetic conditions of a sports coach’s experience process and knowledge construction. Emmanuel Levinas’(1906-1995) philosophical concept “for the other” is used to for reflection. This study discovers that the sports coach’s experience begins with the “for me” enjoyment. “For me” is used to evolve the sports coach’s overall theoretical conception in the experience process; therefore, the sports coach’s knowledge are characterized with “identity” and “totality”. However, “alterity” has been hidden under the “identity” and “totality” construction. Such characteristic contributes the sports coach’s diverse development. The further study concludes that “alterity” is granted by “absolute other.” In addition to active construction from self-consciousness, a sports coach’s experience has been developed gradually through facing “others’” passive conditions. Such approach forces the sports coach to have face-to-face contact with “others” in order to meet the needs and existence of “others.” Hence, ethics relationship is the fundamental characteristics existing in the sports coach’s experience. Such ethics relationship centers around “absolute others.” A sports coach develops and constructs his own experience and knowledge through “for the other” stance. The emergence of “absolute other” breaks the sports coach’s self-experience system. He has to break the laws and order of a sports coach’s world and go beyond the “identity” boundary; therefore, he can achieve the real transcendence. Therefore, a sports coach’s experience is evolved based on “absolute other’s” call, catered to and constructed based on “absolute other’s responsibilities,” evolved and transcended through “absolute other.” Under this cycle, a sports coach can continually develop and construct his experience and knowledge. Key words:sports coach.absolute other.face to face.alterity