婚姻暴力的性別政治

Abstract

「身體政治」一直是女性主義論述的核心概念。自一九七0年代以來，女性主義對資本主義父權社會的挑戰，就著重於女性身體經驗相關議題，包括：強暴、婚姻暴力、塑身美容、及生殖科技與母職經驗等。女性主義者主張女性在資本社會的身體經驗，絕對不是一種個人的生活經驗而已，而是兩性互動過程權力資源分配不平等的事實；因此，身體政策的制定一直都被視為是，婦女解放運動的最根本目標。然而，女性主義福利學家也質疑，身體政策的制定是否真的能夠促進兩性平等？婦女保護制度的建構是否能保障女性免於暴力的威脅？ 在本研究中，我將延續女性主義對身體政治的論述，整合質性研究之檔案分析法與深度訪談法，深入探討台灣家庭暴力防治法通過前後十年，媒體如何建構婚姻暴力的圖像，及家庭暴力防治制度建立之後，位居第一線提供受虐婦女直接服務的社會工作人員，其性別意識是否影響對婚姻暴力現象的詮釋，進而影響專業服務的內涵與專業關係之建立？研究結果發現：過去十年來，台灣媒體對於婚姻暴力事件的報導中，不斷的複製著父權思維；而社會工作人員對於婚姻暴力的詮釋，卻是在家庭暴力與女性主義理論之間擺盪。可喜的是，婦女團體對性別政治的論述，不只帶來理念的翻新，同時也帶來實踐行動的動力。

Body politics has become a core concept of feminist discourse. Since the 1970s, feminists have challenged the capitalist society and centered their focus on women's body experiences such as rape, domestic violence, reproductive technology and motherhood. Feminists argue that women's body experiences in contemporary society reflect the face of sexual power inequalities. Therefore, the enactment of body policies has been regarded as the primary goal of women's liberation movement. Recently many feminist policy analysts doubt that whether or not body policies can achieve the goal of sexual power equality, and social institutions can protect women against domestic violence? The purpose of this study, based on feminist perspective on sexual power equality, is to investigate how the problem of domestic violence in Taiwan defined by the public and social work professionals. What kind of gender ideology is represented in body policies and transferred to societal institutions that help maintain the structure of male domination. The results of this study show that three major sources contributing to the interpretation of the phenomenon of domestic violence are the public, women liberation advocates, and politicians. There are significant differences on the concept of domestic violence among the public, politicians, and women liberation advocates. The results also show a significant difference on the concept of domestic violence identified by social workers. The majority of social workers in this study define the phenomenon of domestic violence in terms of sex power inequality, while few social workers consider the problem of domestic violence as a result of individual characteristics and bad communication skills.