方志裡的主角──論《景定建康志》中政治與地方官之影響

Abstract

宋代被認為是方志與圖經轉變與定型的關鍵時期，而南宋方志的大量出現往往被視為地方士人或地方意識的展現。從現存二十餘部南宋方志來看，大部分方志的修纂都有地方士人的參與，但《景定建康志》恰恰則是另一種類型，有著更強烈地方官治績之宣揚與政治目的。本研究著力在政治與地方官對《景定建康志》影響，同時也擴及同時代其他諸方志研究，研究主軸是《景定建康志》編纂與增補過程中地方官與政治仍最重要的訴求對象，並討論其時代背景、編纂脈絡過程、政治目的、形象塑造與增補現象，最後以地方意識的薄弱來展現《景定建康志》在同時代的特殊性。本研究分為五大部分：第一部分研究《景定建康志》編纂的時代背景，並研究纂者周應合〈修志本末〉與主修馬光祖對《景定建康志》的主導現象，指出這樣編纂過程在同時代方志中的特殊性。第二個部分是政治影響，研究馬光祖早年生平與在臨安的挫折，而建康的治績則是其政治生涯的轉變，同時探討馬光祖在景定二年的地位，並研究解釋《景定建康志》〈留都錄〉中的政治性與其展現的政治目的。第三個部分，研究《景定建康志》所塑造的忠實不欺、愛民、昇人愛余、能臣之馬光祖形象，而其建立方法亦與其社會網絡密切相關，並研究在《景定建康志》中所建立真德秀道學傳人的地位，甚至淡化另一個真德秀傳人王埜。雖然這些塑造明顯帶著歌頌地方官之成份，但見於〈文籍志〉的研究，馬光祖對這些歌頌仍有一定的分寸。第四個部分，研究《景定建康志》增補的內容，這些增補的內容與接任之地方官姚希得與景定五年（1264）再次回到建康的馬光祖有關，亦是地方官如何運用方志的另一面相，也是馬光祖生命的轉變。第五個部分，研究方志中最須展現地方利益的〈古今人物傳〉與清溪先賢祠等，討論其缺乏地方參與的現象，並解釋《景定建康志》沒有地方士人參與的原因。The Song Dynasty is considered a critical period for the transformation and finalization of"FangZhI" (方志)and "Tu-jing" (圖經), while the large number of "FangZhi" in the Southern Song Dynasty is often seen as a manifestation of localism or local consciousness. Judging from the more than 20 existing "FangZhi" of the Southern Song Dynasty, "FangZhi" participated in the compilation of most of the local elites born here or local scholars However, "Jingding Jiankang Zhi"(景定建康志) is exactly another type, with a stronger publicity and political purpose of local officials' achievements. This research focuses on the influence of politics and local officials on"Jingding Jiankang Zhi", and also extends to the research of other "FangZhi" at the same time. The main focus of the research is that local officials and politics are still the most important in the compilation and addition of "Jingding Jiankang Zhi" The object of appeal is discussed, and its historical background, compilation process, political purpose, image shaping and supplementary phenomena are discussed. Finally, the weak local consciousness is used to show the particularity of "Jingding Jiankang Zhi" in the same period This research is divided into five parts: The first part studies the historical background of the compilation of "Jingding Jiankang Zhi", and studies the dominant phenomenon of the compiler "Zhou Yinghe" (周應合) "Xiuzhi benmo" (修志本末) and the major editor "Ma Guangzu" (馬光祖) on "Jingding Jiankang Zhi", and points out that this compilation process has Particularities in the same time "FangZhi" The second part is about political influence. It studies Ma Guangzu's earlylife and his setbacks in"Lin'an" (臨安) while "Jiankang fu(建康府) political achievements are the changes in his political career. It also discusses "Ma Guangzu" status in the second year of "Jingding" (景定), and studies and explains the "Jingding Jiankang Zhi" The political nature and political purpose of the "Liu du lu" (留都錄). The third part studies the image of "Ma Guangzu", who is loyal, honest, loving the people, and "Jiankang fu" people love him, created in the "Jingding Jiankang Zhi". The method of establishing thisimage is also closely related to his social network. and also studies the status of the successor of"Zhen Dexiu" (真德秀) Neo-confusions established in the "Jingding Jiankang Zhi", and even downplays "Wang Ye" (王埜), another successor of "Zhen Dexiu". Although these portrayals clearly contain elements of praising local officials, the study of the "Wenji Zhi"(文籍志) shows that is still somewhat restrained in these praises. The fourth part studies the content supplemented in the "Jingding Jiankang Zhi". These supplements are related to the successor local official "Yao Xide" (姚希得) and "Ma Guangzu" whoreturned to "Jiankang fu" again in the fifth year of "Jingding" (1264). They are also another aspect of how local officials use "FangZhi", and also the transformation of "Ma Guangzu" life. The fifth part studies the "Gujin renwu chuan" (古今人物傳) and "Qingxi" (清溪) shrines to local worthies, which are most important to show local consciousness in the "FangZhi" ,discusses the lack of localism, and explains the reason why there is no participation of local scholars and local elites born here in "Jingding Jiankang Zhi".