高中公民與社會教科書性別意識型態之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在檢視高中公民與社會教科書蘊含的性別意識型態，採用內容分析法進行研究。以高中公民與社會必修課程一至四冊教科書為研究範圍，選取龍騰版與南一版之教科書為研究對象。確立研究目的與方向後，透過文獻探討，瞭解性別平等之意涵與發展。根據歷年研究成果與國內外檢核規準，擬定本研究之量化分析類目表為六大主類目，分別是：「比例不均」、「刻板印象」、「隱匿不見」、「語言偏見」、「零碎分散」、「表面功夫」。據此進行相關量化與質性分析。檢視教科書中是否隱含性別意識型態，性別議題的內涵與論述如何呈現？文本論述是否具備完整性？教科書中是否存在性別刻板印象？對於某些議題之論述，是否排除特定性別？是否在文字中隱含語言偏見？ 本研究之結論如下： 1. 部分冊次仍出現性別比例不均的現象。 2. 「刻板印象」主要集中在職業項目、家庭分工、色彩區隔的部分。 3. 教科書中「隱匿不見」不明顯，但對同志與多元性別的論述較少。 4. 課文中的「語言偏見」，已十分稀少。 5. 兩個版本之教科書，對於性別關係與平等尊重，能進行有系統地介紹。 6. 封面及部分內文與圖片，呈現些微「表面功夫」的現象。 整體而言，本研究所探討的兩個版本高中公民與社會教科書，所呈現之性別意識型態，並不嚴重。 本研究據此結論所提出之建議如下： 1. 增加女性示例。 2. 增加女性職業類型的範例，減少職業區隔的現象。 3. 選用不同性別者從事家務工作的圖示。 4. 色彩的選擇上，盡量避免女性均採用粉色系表示。 5. 增加同志與多元性別的議題與相關論述。

The purpose of this study is to use content analysis to find out gender ideologies in senior high school's Citizen and Society textbooks. Study will be based on volume one to four of the course textbooks of Citizen and Society class, with particular focus on texts published from Lungtung and Nani . After setting up the research purpose and objectives, the study will go through literature reviews to understand the meanings and developments of gender equality. And based on the previous studies, the standards which conducted domestically and internationally, the study categorized the quantitative analysis into six areas: Imbalance, Stereotyping, Invisibility, Linguistic Bias, Fragmentation, and Cosmetic. Quantitative and qualitative analysis then would be conducted based on the six areas mentioned above. To examine whether course textbooks implied indirectly the gender ideology, and how are the gender issues represented? Whether the representation is completed? Whether the textbooks carry gender stereotype phenomenon? And when describing particular issues, whether particular gender focus is excluded? Whether language texts implied linguistic bias indirectly ? The study concludes the following: 1. Gender "Imbalance" is significant. 2. "Stereotyping" is concentrated more on the areas of career projects, household work division, and segmentation of color based on genders . 3. Textbooks doesn't show "Invisibility" significantly, and that homosexual and multi-gender examples are minimum. 4. Texts of " Linguistic Bias" are rare. 5. Systematic introduction of gender relationship and respect equality are shown in texts from both publishers. 6. A slightly significant of "Cosmetic" are shown in text covers and some of the figures in the texts. Overall, the results of the study which focused on the Citizen and Society textbooks from two publishers did not reflect the gender ideology significantly. Thus, based on the conclusion above, the study makes few recommendations as followed: 1. Increase the proportion of female samples. 2. Increase the career types for female samples, and lesser the career segmentation. 3. Use different figures for different genders doing household works. 4. Avoid label females with the color pink when choosing colors. 5. Increase homosexual and multi-gender issues and related descriptions.