黃金歲月下的密碼：桃園市中老年人自覺健康與主觀幸福感關係之研究

Abstract

人類壽命不斷增長，在中高齡龐大的人口席捲整個國家社會的同時，生命的過程不但要活得久還要活得健康和幸福，否則就失去生命的意義，因此了解中老年人生活品質現況和需求，探討自覺健康與主觀幸福感相關因素增加中老年人對其生涯規劃的預測力。本研究以量化研究方法進行，並以桃園市不同區之55歲以上中老年人為紙本問卷對象，預試問卷發放120份，正式問卷發放400份，回收395份，5份無效，有效回收問卷共390份，分別填答SF-12自覺健康量表及主觀幸福感量表以不同構面測試在不同背景變項下的中老年人生活滿意度，回收問卷資料經編整後以SPSS for windows 18.0軟體進行描述性統計分析、獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、典型相關分析等。結果顯示，桃園地區中老年人呈現出自覺健康現況良好，在不同背景變項的性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、主要經濟來源、有無家人同住、有無慢性病、有無參與社團者，自覺健康與主觀幸福感皆有顯著差異。在主觀幸福感構面，桃園地區中老年人之幸福感現況良好，中老年人自覺健康與主觀幸福感呈現正相關。本研究建議中老年人應多學習新知，參與社區、社團活動，並隨時留意醫療及養生資訊，奉獻自己所長於社會，肯定自我成就增加自信，將有益於中老年人退休後的黃金歲月之整體幸福感。As human life expectancy continues to increase, Taiwanese society is overwhelmed by middle-aged and older populations. However, there is more to life than longevity. Without being healthy and happy, life loses its meaning. Therefore, this paper aims to understand the status quo of middle-aged and older adults in terms of their quality of life and needs, while exploring the predictive power of factors related to self-reported health and subjective well-being for enhanced life planning. A quantitative research design was adopted, and paper-based questionnaires were distributed to middle-aged and older adults aged 55 or above in different regions of Taoyuan City, Taiwan. A total of 120 pre-test questionnaires and 400 final questionnaires were sent out, and 395 responses were retrieved. The participants were asked to fill in the self-reported SF-12 Health Survey and the Subjective Well-Being Scale, in order to examine various dimensions of life satisfaction among these adults in relation to differentbackground variables. The collected data were analyzed using methods such as descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis, and canonical correlation analysis using SPSS for Windows 18.0 software. The results showed that middle-aged and older adults in the Taoyuan region reported good current health status and displayed significant differences in self-reported health and subjective well-being in relation to background variablesincluding gender, age, education level, marital status, main source of income, living with family members, chronic disease, and participation in society.In terms of the subjective well-being dimension, the current well-being of the Taoyuan participants was satisfactory, and there was a positive correlation between their self-reported health and subjective well-being. This study recommends that middle-aged and older adults continue to acquire new knowledge and participate in community and society events. They should also stay abreast of healthcare and wellness information, contribute their strengths to society, and recognize their personal achievements to boost their self-confidence. These activities will benefit their overall well-being during the golden years of retirement.