照顧者對幼兒負向情緒反應、幼兒情緒調節策略與幼兒氣質之關係

Abstract

本研究之主要目的為探討幼兒情緒調節策略以及相關因素，包括幼兒氣質、照顧者反應方式以及其他背景變項。為瞭解以上概念，本研究以二百九十六位幼兒照顧者及三十八位幼托園所教師為研究對象進行問卷調查。使用之問卷包含「幼兒情緒調節策略量表」、「照顧者對幼兒負向情緒反應問卷」以及「幼兒氣質量表」。主要發現如下：一、幼兒使用情緒調節策略的頻率依序為尋求照顧者、語言表達、認知引導、攻擊及發洩安撫策略。幼兒的氣質類型會影響其情緒調節策略表現。二、整體而言，照顧者較常出現問題導向、情緒導向及鼓勵表達反應；較少出現降低嚴重性、懲罰及心情低落反應，不同教育程度照顧者的反應頻率亦有所不同。三、照顧者愈常使用鼓勵表達、問題導向、情緒導向反應，愈少使用心情低落、懲罰、降低嚴重性反應，則幼兒愈常使用認知型策略；而照顧者愈常使用心情低落、懲罰、降低嚴重性反應，愈少使用鼓勵表達、問題導向、情緒導向反應，則幼兒愈常使用行為型策略。

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate young children’s emotional regulation strategy, temperament, caregivers’ reaction and other background factors, such as children’s gender, caregivers’ types, age, and educational background. The study conducted the Young Children’s Emotional Regulation Strategy Scale and the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotion Questionnaire were administered to 296 caregivers with preschool children aged 5-6 in the Taipei area. At the same time, Children’s preschool teachers also completed the Young Children’s Temperament Scale. The main findings were as follows: (1) In terms of young children’s emotional regulation strategy, the frequent strategies used are as follows: “caregiver searching,” “language expression,” “cognitive guidance,” “aggression,” and “venting and pacifying.” Children’s temperament type seemed to influence their use of emotional regulation strategy. (2) As a whole, caregivers use more Expressive Encouragement (EE), Problem-Focused Reactions (PFR), and Emotion-Focused Reactions (EFR); less Distress Reactions (DR), Punitive Reactions (PR), and Minimization Reactions (MR) while coping with children’s negative emotions. Caregivers with diverse education backgrounds also display their reactions differently. (3) When caregivers use more EE, PFR, and EFR, as well as less DR, PR and MR, their children were more likely to display cognitive strategies. On the contrary, when caregivers use less EE, PFR, and EFR, as well as more DR, PR and MR, their children are more likely to display behavior strategies.