作為道德／語文教育教材的《論語》－以近代日本中學校教科書／漢文學參考書所作的考察

Abstract

日本明治維新以還，《論語》相關論著魚貫問世。出版界或重刊江戶儒者訓點朱熹《論語集注》者，或刊行江戶時代之《論語》注釋名著，而近代日人重新注解、講說、標注、翻譯、研究《論語》等相關論著更多達五百數十種。本文有鑒於日本自明治五年（1872）施行西方學制後，《論語》作為中、高等學校「漢文」科目之必選漢文教材，坊間書肆各類《論語》相關之教科用書、參考書遂應運而生，充分反映出日本之《論語》注解、講釋、研究，由近世漢學式的經典注釋過渡到近代漢文教育教材的實相。故本文以明治以還至終戰為止，作為漢文科教材或參考書的《論語》著作為研究考察對象，首先將此類論著加以分類並說明其著作內容、特色及意義為何？同時說明此類著作所以出版問世的時代意義，進而分析其作為漢文學習教材所欲達成的道德、語文教育目的為何？反映出何種日人漢文素養的變化與轉向。最後則從日本近代漢學發展史的脈絡，說明此類作為中學校漢文教科書、學習參考書的《論語》相關著作，究竟突顯出何種漢學近代化的時代意義。

Many treatises related to the Analects of Confucius were published after the Meiji Restoration. They re-published Zhu Xi’s Collected Annotations on the Analects punctuated by Confucians in Edo and interpretations of the Analects of Confucius in the Edo period. What is more, there are hundreds of treatises related to the Analects of Confucius in modern Japan. The western school system was executed in Japan from 1872, and the Analects of Confucius is the textbook on Chinese classics in junior high school and senior high school in Japan. Therefore, the reference and textbook on the Analects of Confucius were published, and the research on the Analects of Confucius turned from sinological interpretation to textbook. This essay focus on the textbooks on the Analects of Confucius that published in the period of 1878-1945. Through the research, this essay explains the meaning of the publication of these textbooks and their location in the history of the publication of the treatises related to the Analects of Confucius in Modern Japan, then explains their contents, characteristic and purpose. We can understand the change of the literacy on Chinese Literature of Japanese, and the significance of time of the textbook on the Analects of Confucius from the sight of the history of sinology in modern Japan.