高齡女性生命歷程轉移與休閒性身體活動經驗之研究

Abstract

本研究目的在於了解高齡女性在不同生命歷程中的休閒性身體活動經驗，並釐清生命任務改變與生活空間轉換對於從事休閒性身體活動的影響。研究期程為2009年1月至2011年1月，採取目的式隨機取樣，選取六位六十歲以上且居住於台北市與新北市的高齡女性進行深度訪談。藉由生命歷程理論詮釋女性生命歷程與休閒性身體活動之關係。透過高齡女性生命經驗陳述可知，其不同生命階段的身體活動經驗分別受到社會文化背景差異、教育資源落差、家務工作涉入、退休狀態確定與否等因素影響。女性在進入婚姻生活以前，多投入帶有經濟價值的身體勞動，而經濟條件較佳者，則有較多接觸休閒性身體活動的機會；當女性進入婚姻生活後，即以家務與照護為主，較難顧及個人需求；進入高齡階段的退休生活則是以健康維護與興趣為考量，從事偏好的休閒性身體活動。而行動能力、健康狀態與人際網絡則扮演促進與阻礙女性從事休閒性身體活動的影響因子。本研究之結論包含以下五點：（一）女性在不同生命歷程中所偏好的休閒性身體活動形態，受到家庭、居住環境、教育資源等因素影響；（二）受限於家務工作、家庭經濟條件等因素影響，女性在中年以前缺乏參與休閒性身體活動的記憶；（三）女性參與家庭休閒的行為將會因家庭成員組成差異，而延續至晚年生活；（四）高齡女性休閒空間使用受到經濟條件、身體機能退化等因素影響較多；（五）女性從事休閒性身體活動，多是以健康維護為主。The aim of this study was to understand the leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) patterns in life courses, and further understanding the interplay among role duty, living environment and LTPA in life courses. The participants are 6 elder women, aged 61-81, who living in Taipei, and in-depth interviews were conducted. The life course theory was applied to in interpret the LTPA patterns in women’s life course. It was found that LTPA was effect by the social context, economic condition and domestic work and paid work in early life. it was not until the sickness and retirement that women began to involving in LPTA in later life. The family leisure was the main leisure pattern in early life and the lower intensity activities were chosen as main LTPA in later life, such as walking and dancing, which were motivated by health concern. Moreover, thesocial network and accompanies were not necessary for all participants, on the other hand, the economic condition and health were more influential in LTPA participation. It is concluded into 5 themes. 1) The patterns of LTPA the participants chosen were effected by family, living environment, and educational resources; 2) The participants lacking of the LTPA experience before middle life, and were limited by domestic work and financial condition; 3) Due to the family members, the duration of participants involved in family leisure would extended to later life; 4) The financial and health condition influence the elder women in leisure space utilize; 5) The motivation of participated in LTPA comes from health maintaining.