次常用漢字的教學思考與因應策略

Abstract

因應時代變遷、兩岸交流日趨頻繁，學生所接觸到的日常語詞已有所不同。本論文嘗試以2017年11月臺灣學術網路十三版（正式六版）的《教育部異體字字典》所收錄的6343個「次常用漢字」為出發點作教學思考，和臺灣當前的國中國文文本內容為基礎，製作一份字表問卷，請七位分別是國中、高中職以上的現職國文教師，從中圈選「較常用漢字」，通過此法列出需討論的「次常用漢字」於正文中。討論前，先訂定由「次常用漢字」可歸入到「常用漢字」的判斷標準，再將每個字分別採「歷代字書」、「當代語文」、「案語」的架構去分析討論。「歷代字書」的部分，選用《康熙字典》及其之前的字書為資料；「當代語文」則依時間順序整理《漢語大字典》、《大辭典》、《教育部異體字字典》、《教育部重編國語辭典修訂本》、《漢語多功能字庫》裡與該字相關的內容；最後，「案語」的部分，即以上述資料為脈絡，字頻表為輔，探討該字的用字現象與在當前臺灣的使用頻率作結。透過對「次常用漢字」的討論與「常用漢字」和「次常用漢字」的增刪，使現今的教學環境中已趨於常用的「次常用漢字」能整理出來，讓它們更貼近現代國中學生的使用狀況，利於學生學習。The Cross-strait exchanges are becoming more frequent and students have to conform to the trend of the times. The usages of common words that students use now have changed a lot.The purpose of the thesis is to list the medium-frequency Chinese characters which need to be discussed in the high school textbooks. A Chinese Character Questionnaire is made to collect the opinions from seven inservice junor and senior high school teachers. The references of the questionnaire are the 6343 medium-frequency Chinese characters from Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants on Taiwan Academic Network version13th(formal 6th) and the content of high school Chinese textbooks in Taiwan.Criteria are set up to distinguish medium-frequency Chinese characters from high-frequency Chinese characters before discussion. The analysis of each Chinese character is based on the structure from the representative dictionaries of all the past dynasties, contemporary Chinese and author’s comments or remarks. The representative dictionaries of all the past dynasties is based on Kang-Xi Dictionary. The content of contemporary Chinese is organized chronologically and based on the relevant information from Hanyu Da Character Dictionary, Great Chinese Dictionary, Dictionary of Chinese Variants, Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary and Multi-funtion Chinese Character Database. For the part of author’s comments, it use all of the above-mentioned data and word frequency tables as its context and discusses how the Chinese Character is used in Taiwan.By the discussion of adding and deleting of medium-frequency and high-frequency Chinese characters, the common medium-frequency Chinese characters at high schools have been listed.These characters are more authentic for students and it can be a great advantage to learn better for them.