蘭嶼拼板舟觀光現象及其變遷

Abstract

位於台東東南海面上的美麗島嶼—蘭嶼，因特殊的地理位置與生態環境，孕育出獨特的傳統文化，並在早年獲得完整的保存，然而近幾年在政府政策推動與觀光發展之下，蘭嶼文化受到許多衝擊與變遷。觀光逐步發展，越來越多觀光客進入到蘭嶼，雅美族人逐漸將觀光收入當作主要收入來源，使得許多傳統需要與觀光做出妥協。許多禁忌傳統逐漸消融之時，蘭嶼最重要的物質文化，飛魚文化與拼板舟，其傳統亦受到諸多挑戰。近年新興拼板舟體驗之活動，更是將拼板舟拉進了觀光場域當中，另一種經濟生產方式，開始出現在蘭嶼海域中的拼板舟之上。而在新製船方法出現後，製作拼板舟有了另外一種選擇，也為觀光活動提供一種契機，讓傳統與現代共存之機會。在多方競逐的過程當中，拼板舟文化產生極大的轉變，因此本研究透過訪談法與觀察法，對拼板舟的觀光體驗活動進行探討，並提出三點建議：（一）在拼板舟體驗活動之中，加進文化解說。（二）將拼板舟體驗活動與其他活動結合成一完整遊程。（三）在新型態拼板舟與傳統拼板舟之中，找尋平衡點。希望這三點建議，能供之後觀光體驗活動發展之參考，並期待在未來蘭嶼觀光發展能更為完善。The beautiful island ‘Lanyu’ in the direction of the southeast of Taiwan developed unique features in the traditional culture of aborigines because of its geographic condition. The traditional culture in Lanyu had been preserved very well before. However, the governmental policies and the development of tourism caused culture change in Lanyu in recent year. Due to the development of tourism, more and more tourists went to Lanyu for travelling and Yami, the aborigine in Lanyu, begined to make money from them. Gradually, Yami took tourism to be the main income so many traditional taboos had to make a compromise with tourism. Therefore, the most important tradition about flying fish and traditional canoe in Yami material culture faced a lot of challenges. The new activity, making tourists experience rowing the Yami’s traditional sacred canoes, took them to the field of tourism and changed to a new economic activity in Lanyu. After discovery of a new skill, Yami not only had a new choice to make canoes conveniently but also created a chance that made tradition coexist with the modern activity. Competition between the tradition and the modern civilization, Yami’s culture of traditional canoe changed violently. Thus, this study used the methods of interview and observation to research on the activity of experience of rowing the canoes in Lanyu, and gave some suggestions. The following is three suggestions for the local people in Lanyu: First, Yami should add a clear culture exposition to this new activity. Second, they may combine this activity with other tourism activities into a whole tour. Finally, they should reach the balance between traditional canoes and modern canoes which make by new skill. By practicing the above-mentioned suggestions, the development of tourism in Lanyu can be more perfect.