探討職場員工拒二手菸知識、態度、自我效能、行為及相關因素之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討職場員工拒二手菸知識、態度、自我效能及行為，並檢視影響拒二手菸行為的相關因素。研究對象為新北市某職場員工，採立意取樣法，研究工具採自填式問卷，計有效問卷306份。研究結果如下： 1.研究對象家庭二手菸暴露率14.7%、職場二手菸暴露率36.6%、禁菸公共場所二手菸暴露率44.4%。 2.研究對象拒二手菸態度正向、自我效能與拒二手菸行為高，惟對二手菸知識在菸害與國內菸害防制法規的瞭解程度仍顯不足。 3.研究對象拒二手菸知識、態度、自我效能與行為四者間均呈現顯著正相關。 4.多元回歸分析結果顯示，室外工作環境者、拒二手菸社會規範與拒二手菸自我效能能顯著預測拒二手菸行為，可解釋拒二手菸行為84% 總變異量。 建議未來職場推動菸害防制能加強二手菸害知識宣導，實際演練拒二手菸行為提升拒二手菸自我效能，並邀請主管及員工眷屬共同參加，以提升全體員工拒二手菸行為表現。The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and behavior in avoiding secondhand smoke exposure among the employees from a company at New Taipei City. Purposive sampling method was used. A total of 306 employees completed the self-administered questionnaire in 2016. The main findings were as follows. This study showed that the rate of household secondhand smoke exposure was 14.7%; the rate of workplace secondhand smoke exposure was 36.6%; the rate of non-smoking public places secondhand smoke exposure was 44.4%. Participants tend to have positive attitudes, self-efficacy and behavior in avoiding secondhand smoke exposure, but their knowledge about secondhand smoke and Taiwan Tobacco Control Act was not enough. Participants’ knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and behavior in avoiding secondhand smoke exposure were significantly positively correlated. Multiple regression analysis showed that outdoor workers, higher social norm, and higher levels of self-efficacy were significantly associated with behavior in avoiding secondhand smoke exposure, together they accounted for 84% of the variance in behavior. It is recommended that workplace tobacco prevention program could increase awareness of secondhand smoke hazards and practice the behavior in avoiding secondhand smoke.