國小學童口腔保健素養教育介入效果研究

Abstract

本研究旨在發展口腔保健素養教育介入，並評價教育介入對學童在口腔保健知識、態度、技能、自我效能、行為與口腔理學檢查之影響。本研究採準實驗設計，研究對象為108學年度新北市二所國民小學高年級學童，選取某國小學童為實驗組，另一國小學童為對照組。以高年級共四個班級約95人為實驗組，對照組共四個班級學童約56人。實驗組在二個月期間進行口腔保健素養教育介入共8堂課（每堂課40分鐘），包括口腔保健課程、貝氏刷牙法牙刷及牙線操作技巧並進行前後測問卷調查及口腔理學檢查；對照組進行一般健康教育課程教學及前後測問卷調查與口腔理學檢查。利用廣義估計方程式（Generalized estimating equations）進行分析，評價口腔保健素養教育介入的效果。 研究結果顯示，國小學童在口腔保健素養教育介入後能顯著提升學童之口腔保健知識、態度、技能、自我效能與行為，學童理學檢查結果牙菌斑殘留也顯著改善，實驗組學童牙菌斑殘留顆數由12.23顆顯著下降為5.04顆。受測學童表示學習口腔保健知識與潔牙技巧是有趣的，願意將所學應用於生活中。建議未來可將此教材納入口腔保健教育課程，提升學童口腔保健素養與口腔自我照護習慣。

The purposes of this study were to develop oral health literacy educational intervention and to evaluate the effect on oral health knowledge, attitude, skills, self-efficacy, behaviors and dental physical examination of children. This study was a quasi-experimental design. In 2019, the participants included 151 fifth and sixth grade students from two elementary schools in New Taipei City. The experimental group was composed of 95 students from 4 classrooms in one school, while the control group was composed of the 56 students from 4 classrooms in another school. The experimental group received eight classes (40 minutes each) of oral health literacy educational intervention including oral health courses, Bass brushing techniques, and pre- and post-test during 3 months. The control group received usual health courses and pre- and post-test. Generalized Estimating Equations method was used to evaluate the effect of oral health literacy educational intervention. The results showed that the oral health literacy educational intervention could significantly improve students’ oral health knowledge, attitude, skills, self-efficacy and behaviors. The dental physical examination results also showed that the intervention could significantly decrease students’ dental plaque residue, while the number of teeth with dental plaque residues in the experimental group decreased from 12.23 to 5.04. It was suggested that this oral health literacy educational intervention could be incorporated into oral health education curriculum to enhance students' oral health literacy and oral self-care behaviors.