第七屆立法委員選舉結果對屏東縣政治生態影響之研究

Abstract

民主政治歷經數千年發展，而成為近世普遍使用於人類社會政治組織的制度型態，其運作必須依賴選舉制度來加以落實，故而使得選舉制度成為維繫現代政治運作最重要的依據。我國立法委員選舉原本採用「複數選區單記不可讓渡式投票制」，此種制度較符合比例代表性，可確保多元意見的呈現降低死票的產生，並促使候選人重視選區服務以落實民意政治。然而長期實施的結果，卻也造成派系操控政黨提名人選、黨內競爭使黨紀難以維持、政治人物風格極端素質低落、賄選暴力使選風敗壞等弊端，因此在2005年第7次修憲將第7屆立委選制改為「單一選區兩票制」。此兩種制度在選票結構、當選規則、選區規模上都大不相同，其政治效果自然也會有所差異。 本文之研究以屏東縣為範圍，其主要重點有二，第一部份是探討「複數選區制」改為「單一選區制」之後，屏東縣政治生態是否符合Duverger’s Law中「相對多數決選制之下容易傾向產生兩黨制」的論點，因此本文由2000年後屏東縣歷次重要選舉結果分析屏東縣政治勢力結構的現況，並以第7屆立委選舉結果屏東縣概況來加以比較分析。第二部分則在探討新選制下，屏東縣選區劃分為3個獨立小選區對不同政治勢力所產生的利弊關係與政治勢力版圖的變動。

Democracy, through hundreds of years, has been widely considered an institutional form of political organizations, which also makes it become a political form of government carried out either directly by the people or by means of elected representatives. Taiwan Legislators were formerly elected by popular vote through single non-transferable vote or SNTV in multi-member constituencies. SNTV, generally like proportional representative system, can minimize vote splitting effects, ensure candidates’ effective service and their pre-election promises to the people in their constituencies. In any election, each voter casts one vote for one candidate in a multi-candidate race for multiple offices.However, under SNTV system, some negative problems have come, inclusive of electoral corruption, vote-buying, threats of election violence, a weakening of party discipline, intra-party competition, and accusations of scandals or embezzlement during a campaign process. After an amendment in the Constitution of the Republic of China in 2005, Taiwan 7th Legislative Yuan Elections were conducted by a new single-member district parallel voting electoral system or SMD. Each of the two systems, with the changes of election regulations, electoral districts, and the structure of voters, may produce different electoral outcomes. This study takes Pingtung County as research target to discuss two aspects. The one is to probe into whether Pingtung’s political ecology indeed matches Duverger’s Law, a principle which asserts that a plurality rule election system tends to favor a two-party system. Thus, the study is to analyze the influence upon current political powers in Pingtung County from the 7th legislative election through previous vote result information since 2000. With the change of this new electoral system, Pingtuntg County was divided into three constituencies. The second part of the study is to discuss its tremendous effect on growth and decline of various political powers as well as reorganization of party domains.