男女排球選手扣球落地之生物力學分析

Abstract

前言：排球運動中扣球是一個重要的技術，而扣球後落地的動作往往是傷害發生的主因，因此落地動作在扣球中扮演重要的角色。本研究目的：藉由收集生物力學的參數，比較男女排球選手實際扣球落地動作的差異。方法：本研究實驗參與者是8名男性、8名女性排球選手，執行排球扣球動作，以10 部Vicon 高速攝影機（300Hz）及兩塊測力板（1500Hz）收集扣球落地運動學及動力學的資料。結果：扣球落地的動作男性會產生較大的跳躍高度，但地面反作用力沒有顯著的差異。在矢狀面下肢關節的活動中，扣球落地瞬間男性呈現較大的髖關節及膝關節屈曲角度。在落地期男性也呈現較大的最大髖關節屈曲角度及髖關節的活動範圍，女性則呈現較大的最大踝關節背曲角度及踝關節的活動範圍。而在最大垂直地面反作用力產生瞬間，男性呈現較大的髖關節屈曲角度及角速度。在額狀面下肢關節的活動中，扣球落地瞬間和最大垂直地面反作用力產生瞬間，女性呈現較大的膝關節外翻角度，而男性右腳髖關節呈現外展動作，女性則呈現內收動作。在落地期女性也產生較大的最大膝關節外翻角度。結論：男性和女性在執行扣球落地動作會選擇不同的策略，男性以膝關節和髖關節進行落地緩衝；女性以膝關節和踝關節進行落地緩衝，且會呈現較大的膝關節外翻角度。Spike is an important skill in the volleyball competition, landing after a spike is the source of most injuries in volleyball, and therefore landing is an important movement. Purpose：The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical difference between male and female players after a volleyball spike. Method：Eight male and 8 female volleyball players performed spike landing on two force plates (1500Hz) to collect the kinetic data, and Vicon motion analysis system (10 cameras, 300Hz) to collect the kinematics data. Result：Males exhibited greater jump height, but there were no difference between males and females for the ground reaction force. In the sagittal plane motion, males exhibited greater hip and knee flexion angles in the initial ground contact. Peak hip flexion angle and hip range of motion (ROM) were greater in males. Females exhibited greater peak ankle dorsiflexion angle and ankle ROM. Males exhibited greater hip angle and hip angular velocity in the peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF). In the frontal plane motion, Females exhibited greater knee valgus angles in the initial ground contact and PVGRF during landing. Peak knee valgus angle was greater in females. Conclusion：Genders displayed difference strategies during landing. Males utilized hip and knee joint motion. Female utilized ankle and knee joint motion, and demonstrated greater knee valgus angle.