從世代傳承面向探討1980-2012年僑團青年組織發展之困境及因應策略--以美國洛杉磯郡為例

Abstract

「僑團」乃僑民基於志趣、信仰、地緣或血緣相同而在僑居地組成之團 體，以滿足個人興趣或實現團體理想為目的，並具有凝聚僑胞情感、團結僑 心、聯繫及照顧會員之功能。依據僑務委員會2012 年的統計，全球海外僑 團總數為5,233個，其中分布於美國的僑團總數最多，共有2,804個，佔總 數的53.6%。然而，近年來由於美國移民社會結構的變化及政黨輪替產生的 僑務政策調整，因此僑社發生了不同層次變化，其中僑社世代傳承問題最為 顯著。故本研究將以美國洛杉磯郡僑團青年組織為主要研究對象，瞭解其成 立背景、發展狀況與遭遇困境，研究目的為: 一、 瞭解美國洛杉磯郡僑團青年組織之發展現況與類型。 二、 深入瞭解美國洛杉磯郡各類型代表性僑團對青年世代傳承的需求。 三、 理出美國洛杉磯郡僑團青年組織發展之困境。 四、 根據研究結果，提出相關因應策略，以提供僑政機關及各級僑團參考。 透過文獻資料收集與訪談僑團幹部、成員與相關專家學者，研究者理出 其洛杉磯郡僑團青年組織發展的背景與狀況，並由訪談結果及問卷調查分析 出洛杉磯郡僑團青年組織的發展困境與影響因素的相關性，歸納出以下結論： 一、僑團青年組織因僑團歷史與背景之差異而有不同的成立因緣，然而「老 幹漸趨凋零，新枝亟待傳承」卻是共同面臨的挑戰。 二、各僑團青年組織運作的成果因不同僑團性質與活動設計、類型等差異而 有所不同，多數已獲得初步成果。 三、各僑團青年組織雖面臨的主要三大困境為招募新血、青年續留、青年幹 部培育。然因僑團性質各有差異，因此困境形成原因各不相同。 四、中國大陸與台灣之政府政策、僑團幹部引導與文化以及華裔青年參與僑 團動機三因素對僑團青年組織發展各有不同程度影響，其中華裔青年參與僑 團的動機對青年組織發展產生最為顯著的影響。根據問卷調查結果顯示，青 年參與華人社團的考量動機主要為拓展人際關係，次為族群認同，再次為充 實自我能力。 根據分析出的結論，研究者建議： 一、僑政機關方面之因應策略，應加強青年組織輔導相關方面宣傳，汲取成 功案例經驗協輔經營，整合資源辦理全僑性青年組織聯合活動，設計延伸活 動銜接青少年文化志工營，協輔華裔青年成立社團組織並定期追蹤發展狀 況。 二、僑團組織方面之因應策略，各僑團應積極破除語言溝通之障礙，改進活 動類型與內容，提升青年於僑團之地位，並多加應用網路平台資源以加速訊 息傳遞與聯繫。“Grouping of overseas Chinese” is the community organized by expatriates in host country based on their interests, beliefs, geo-relations, or blood-relations. The main purpose of the groups is to fulfill individual interest or accomplish group’s ideal. Besides,it also could build up good relations for expatriates and give them much attention. According to the statistics for 2012 from Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission, there are 5,233 overseas Chinese communities around the world in total, groups in United States accounts for up to 53.6 percent of all groupings. However, as immigration social structure and the adjustment of policy change community of overseas Chinese changes, generation inheritance problem especially come into view. Therefore, the main object of this study is youth groupings of overseas Chinese in Los Angeles County. And the purpose of this study is to research the following points: 1. To understand the establishment and development of the youth groupings of overseas Chinese in Los Angeles County. 2. To get an insight view of the needs of generation inheritance from every type of groupings of overseas Chinese in Los Angeles County. 3. To discover the limitations and constraints for the development of the youth groupings of overseas Chinese in Los Angeles County. 4. According to the result, provides strategies for solutions for relevant organizations. The author has interviewed five leaders of groupings of overseas Chinese in Los Angeles County, two experts, and also did a survey towards 122 youths of overseas Chinese in Los Angeles County. The author concluded the problems that those groupings face are as following: 1. Lack of methods to recruit new members. 2. Lack of motives for new members to extend or continue the period to stay in the groupings. 3. Lack of model for youth leader training. Base upon the above statements, the author suggests that: 1. The coping strategies of overseas Chinese affairs agencies are to counseling and propagating related publicity to youth groupings, learn success experiences and help other groupings’ operation, integrating resources to hold the whole overseas joint activities of youth organizations, design outreach activities to link volunteer youth culture camp, give assistance for youth of overseas Chinese to set up community and track the developments regularly. 2. The coping strategies of groupings of overseas Chinese are to break the language barrier, improve the content of activities, enhance the status of youths in the groupings and utilize network platform to convey resources and enhance contact.