都市水患的社區韌性: 臺北社子島的例子

Abstract

在氣候變遷引起的極端天氣威脅和全球暖化引起的海平面上升威脅之下，河口區域應立即採取應對威脅的措施。自1970年以來，位於基隆河和淡水河匯流處的社子島，因保護台北市不受洪水威脅而被宣告為禁建區域。這一禁令，導致社子島成為快速發展的台北市中，相對低發展的社區。然而，社子島被排除在政府防洪計劃之外，當地居民認為為了保護台北市的其他地區免受到洪水的侵害，社子島被犧牲了。在洪水威脅和居民對發展的需求之間的衝突中，社子島正在挑戰台北市對於氣候變遷的調適策略。在此之下，本研究選擇社子島作為案例研究，以研究和描繪一個地方社區的韌性，和社區對於洪水調適的因應機制。本個案研究，將研究區域的在地居民視為調適的基本單位，以更好地了解在氣候變遷的負面影響的下的韌性都市生活。本研究分析社子島人與環境之間的互動和關係，以對於災害和洪水風險管理的不同階段中的社區洪水韌性有全面性的瞭解。本研究收集了有關洪水及其他氣候相關災害對社區的影響的資料，並分析了他們的社區韌性和調適策略。接著，從專家和當地居民的角度，本研究分析了對於災害的韌性，以及政府的洪水風險管理措施。強大的社區韌性使居民在日常生活中對氣候變遷的威脅有著周全的看法，同時支持當地的調適技術和知識。然而，居民對政府對社子島的再開發計劃表示不同意，並擔心該計劃可能抹去他們的文化生活和友善的社區環境。Under the threat of extreme weather caused by climate change and the rising sea level induced by global warming, response measures for the river-mouth region should be taken immediately. Since 1970, Shezidao, a sandbar area situated at the confluence of the Keelung and Tamsui rivers, has been declared a construction-forbidden area for the conservation of Taipei city. This ban led to Shezidao becoming a low-developed community situated within the growing and rapidly developing city of Taipei. However, Shezidao was excluded from the government flood prevention plan for protecting Taipei City from the recurrence of 200-year floods. Thus, residents think that Shezidao has been sacrificed in order to protect the rest of Taipei city from flooding. With the conflict between the threat of flooding and the demand for development from residents, Shezidao is challenging Taipei City’s adaptation strategy for climate change. As a result, Shezidao was chosen as a case study to study and portray a local community’s resilience and coping mechanisms to adapt to flooding. Local peoples of the study area are shown as the fundamental units for adaptation in this case study in order to better comprehend resilient urban life within the context of the adverse impacts of climate change.This thesis analyzes the interactions and relationships between humans and their environment in Shezidao in order to have a holistic understanding of their community resilience to flooding through the different phases of disaster and flood risk management. This study collected data about the impact of flooding and other climate-related disasters on the community and analyzed their community resilience and adaptation strategies. Next, studies on disaster resilience as well as the government’s initiatives for flood risk management were analyzed from the perspectives of experts and local residents. Strong community resilience results in residents having a thoughtful perspective of the threat of climate change in their daily lives while supporting local adaptation technologies and knowledge. However, residents disagree with the government’s redevelopment plans for Shezidao and fear that this plan may erase their cultural life and community-friendly environment.