心理疲勞對運動員抑制控制與耐力表現之影響：正念的調節作用

Abstract

運動員力求在競技運動場上能有卓越表現，而過去已發現不管在競技比賽當下或是訓練的狀態，運動員皆可能經歷心理疲勞，而心理疲勞發生會損害運動員的表現，所以探討能減緩心理疲勞對運動員運動表現帶來損害的方法是非常重要的，過去，正念已發現對運動員之運動表現有正向關聯，所以本研究主要探討為運動員正念傾向之差異是否會調節心理疲勞對運動員抑制控制與耐力表現之影響。本研究總共招募90名參與者，所有參與者總共到訪實驗室兩次，兩次分別進行疲勞情境與控制情境之介入，介入順序隨機分派，兩次實驗在情境介入後皆會進行抑制控制測驗以及耐力表現測驗，抑制控制測驗使用旁側作業進行，並同時使用事件關聯電位記錄測驗過程之N2與P3振幅，耐力表現測驗時參與者會於跑步機進行漸增強度運動測試，全程紀錄參與者主觀心理疲勞以及測驗動機程度，所有參與者皆會填寫五因素正念量表，並依量表分數將參與者分為高、中、低正念傾向。研究結果顯示經歷心理疲勞後參與者主觀心理疲勞提升、抑制控制之行為表現中旁側作業的準確率下降、耐力表現之力竭時間減少，高正念傾向旁側作業不一致作業情境之準確率更高，正念傾向調節了心理疲勞對力竭時間的損害，高正念傾向在心理疲勞對耐力表現的損害較小。心理疲勞會損害抑制控制與耐力表現，正念在心理疲勞對耐力表現的影響有調節作用，未來建議運動員可進修提升正念之課程。Athletes strive for outstanding performance in competitive sports. It has been observed that athletes may experience mental fatigue during both competitions and training sessions, which can impair their performance. Therefore, investigating methods to mitigate the detrimental effects of mental fatigue on athletes' performance is crucial. Previous research has shown a positive association between mindfulness and athletes' performance. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether individual differences in mindfulness tendencies among athletes moderate the impact of mental fatigue on inhibition control and endurance performance. Ninety participants were recruited for this study, each visiting the laboratory twice. They underwent interventions in both a fatigue-inducing scenario and a control scenario, with the intervention order randomized. After each scenario, participants completed tests for inhibition control using a flanker task and for endurance performance through a graded exercise test on a treadmill. Event-related potentials (N2 and P3 amplitudes) were recorded during the flanker task. Participants also reported subjective mental fatigue and motivation levels throughout the tests. Additionally, all participants completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and were categorized into high, medium, or low mindfulness groups based on their scores. Results indicated that after experiencing mental fatigue, participants reported increased subjective mental fatigue, decreased accuracy in the flanker task under incongruent conditions, and reduced time to exhaustion in the endurance performance test. Participants with high mindfulness tendencies exhibited higher accuracy in the incongruent flanker task condition and mitigated the detrimental effect of mental fatigue on time to exhaustion. Mental fatigue negatively impacted both inhibition control and endurance performance, while mindfulness moderated the effects of mental fatigue on endurance performance. Future recommendations include athlete training programs aimed at enhancing mindfulness.