醫療志工的性別差異與社會資本對其幸福感的影響：以花蓮市慈濟醫院為例

Abstract

本研究的目的是探討兩性參與慈濟醫療志工所累積的社會資本，對其幸福感的影響。以社會資本理論為架構，採用問卷調查法以立意取樣，共得445名慈濟花蓮院區的醫療志工參與研究，男性160名，女性285名。所得資料以線性迴歸與費雪的Z轉換來檢驗性別作為社會資本與幸福感關聯的調節變項。研究結果顯示，慈濟醫療志工的社會資本與幸福感呈現正相關，社會資本對幸福感各層面（生活滿意、人際關係、自我肯定及身心健康）皆呈顯著正向的影響，但是卻不存在性別差異。研究結果驗證了社會資本理論、需求層級理論與符號互動論在醫療志工情境的適用性。

Based on the social capital theory, this study investigated the effects of gender differences on the relationship of social capital and well-being among medical volunteers in Tzu Chi Medical Center. Self-report questionnaires were used in this study. Purposive samplings were chosen to recruit respondents in Hualien, Taiwan. The valid data for this study were provided by 445 medical volunteers including 160 males and 285 females. Linear regression analysis and Fisher’s Z Transformation were used to testify the moderation of gender on the relationship between social capital and well-being. The results indicated that medical volunteers’ social capital was positively associated with their general wellbeing. Although there were positive effects of social capital on four dimensions of well-being (life satisfaction, interpersonal relationship, self-affirmation and physical-mental health), there was no significant gender differences was found. In general, the results of this study provided direct evidences to support theories of social capital, need-hierarchy and symbolic interaction in the context of medical volunteering. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed.