我國新聞記者氣候變遷迷思概念與成因之探討

Abstract

隨著全球極端天氣事件日趨頻繁，近年來世界多處遭受暴風雪、乾旱、洪災、森林大火及熱浪災害襲擊，全球社會經濟、人民生命財產損失難以估計。國內多數記者的氣候變遷相關知識不足；對於國內外氣候變遷情境不瞭解；氣候變遷相關因應策略不清楚，這樣的情況也反映在新聞報導中，民眾容易接受到不完整或錯誤的訊息，進而影響對國家政策的態度。整體來說，媒體的氣候變遷素養有待加強。本研究之目的在瞭解新聞記者的氣候變遷迷思概念及其成因，並繪製出記者的氣候變遷迷思概念圖。本研究透過問卷測驗和半結構式訪談深入瞭解記者在氣候變遷議題中存在那些迷思概念及其迷思概念的成因。 本研究透過分析半結構式訪談結果後發現，電視新聞記者在氣候變遷的成因、造成的衝擊、如何減緩及調適方面都具有明顯的迷思概念。從記者的迷思概念來源中，發現媒體組織運作框架對其迷思概念的影響甚劇，新聞的消息來源、自身缺乏新聞內容決策權、截稿時間、採訪路線及組織內部的專業分工等皆為影響迷思概念的原因。個人認知框架也是造成迷思概念的因素之一，記者認為若該知識對目前工作毫無幫助，即不須記憶，需要用到時再去搜尋資料即可，也有部分記者表示曾經記得氣候變遷相關知識，但經過一段時間及工作少接觸便也遺忘，可見這樣的知識並無進入長期記憶區。大眾媒體種類眾多，建議後續可針對平面媒體、網路等媒體人員進行訪談，探討不同形式的媒體在迷思概念上的差異，便可建立更完整的資料，使研究應用層面更為廣泛。More and more extreme weather events are occurring in many regions in the world, which include snowstorms, droughts, floods, forest fires, and heat waves, causing enormous losses to the global economy, human lives, and social stability. Research works in the literature pointed out that journalists in Taiwan did not have adequate scientific knowledge regarding climate change. For example, they hardly knew about the potential domestic and international scenario of climate change; they had no idea about the coping strategies.Overally speaking, the climate change literacy of the media needs to be enhanced. Thus, this research aims at examining the journalists’ misconceptions about climate change and the corresponding causes. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were conducted for understanding these and then developing conceptual maps.

Results showed that the TV journalists have obvious misconceptions regarding the causes, scientific facts and impacts of climate change, and the strategies to combat it. It was also found that the organizational and operational factors of the media exert large effects on their misconceptions, e.g., the sources of news, lack of decision-making power toward news content, short deadlines, and specialized areas. TIt was suggested that follow-up studies can include journalists of printed media, network media and others for examining the differences