「美麗島林宅血案」輿論情勢之分析──以國內主流平面媒體為中心

Abstract

當「美麗島林宅血案」倏忽襲來，輿論初期的緝兇方向，除了鎖定外籍人士家博外，並指向美麗島陣營之窩裡反，以撇清當局涉入的可能性；之後輿論將血案定調為黨外連結海外臺獨勾串共匪，此三合一敵人作為血案「理想的兇手」。不過，由於血案被害人無論在人倫、世代、性別、權力等位置上，「弱者」的形象過於巨大，且很自然地引發社會上廣泛的溫情氛圍，動搖許多民眾先前對美麗島人士既有的偏見，使國民黨政府在輿論戰場上可能不利。為避免輿論反轉，當局乃順此溫情之輿論風向，對林家釋放具時效性的特殊權力，並在林義雄被認證為符合當局的政治正確後，當成政治宣傳的樣板。只是，林家這段期間之權力或道德光環，係為蔣總統的恩給，且隨時可以收回。血案的悲劇固然誕下苦果，但也讓數月來的輿論激情冷卻，進一步緩和輿論對美麗島人士的攻擊；血案效應亦迫使當局作出對美麗島人士較為有利的政治決定，使得被告們能在一種相對溫和的輿論情勢下，走向軍法大審的另一場歷史戰役。

When "The Formosa Lin Family Massacre" suddenly occurred, Formosacomrades were considered the murderer in order to get rid of the possibility ofthe authority involved. Finally, the "ideal killer" was identified as the Trinity ofthe enemy (Danwai, Overseas Taiwan Independence and Chinese CommunistParty).However, the image of the victim's weak in the human relations,generation, gender, and power were very obvious, so it would naturally lead tosocial sympathy, and change the people’s bad impression on the Formosacomrades. In order to avoid counterattacks of public opinion, Kuomintanggovernment released the power of time limit to Lin family along the trend ofkindness. But the essence of the “power” came from the reward of PresidentChiang Ching-kuo, and can be recovered at any time.Although this massacre caused the tragedy, but also let the passion ofpublic opinion calm down, and further moderate the attacks on the Formosacomrades. Therefore the “effect of massacre” forced the Kuomintanggovernment to make a relatively favorable political decision to the Formosacomrades. It also made the Formosa defendants face the historical military trialin a more kindly atmosphere of public opinion.