我國國中地理課程設計的運作模式和內容選擇原則

Abstract

This paper is written in an attempt to construct an operational model for planning the junior middle school's geography curriculum, as well as to suggest some selecting principles of curriculum contents which are applicable to China. In the aspect of construction of the operational model, the first step is to review the latent contents of objectives and process model which are developed by educationalist. In the second step, we discuss some geography curriculum models which are constructed by scholars of geographical education in China and abroad. Finally, base on the results of the review and discussion above, we then construct an operational model for planning the junior middle school's geography curriculum. There are some characteristics in this operational model. First, it is a combination of merits of objectives and process model; second, it has looked after both some outcomes of geographical studies and developing orientation of geographical education; third, it has integrated western educational ideas and traditional features of Chinese culture and society. In the other aspect of selecting principles of curriculum contents, we first induct some selecting principles of contents of general curriculum and social disciplines; then, we analyze four types of geographical knowledge and two syllabuses of textbooks which are used in elementary and secondary schools in U.S.A.; third, we review the essential spirit of Chinese junior middle school's geography education objectives; finally, relied on the results of induction, analysis and review, we then suggest some selecting principles of the curriculum contents of Chinese junior middle school's geography. Those principles are: 1. it must accord with those selecting principles of general curriculum and social disciplines;2. the subjectives of curriculum contents of the junior middle school's geography must be the way of life of inhabitants who live in the important regions of China, or live in the important countries of the world; 3. when it describes the way of life, it must introduce some geographical concepts, generalization or theories, as well as some geographical skills and methods which are helpfull to understand those concepts, generalization or theories.