婚姻移民、公民身分與社會福利權

Abstract

在全球化跨國人口流動的時代中要回答「誰是公民（citizens）」或是「誰可以成為公民」這些問題並非容易的事，主要是因為這些問題不僅涉及資源分配，同時也涉及價值意識之爭。移民的公民身分不僅關係著對移居國文化與國家的認同，同時也關係著在移居國的政治、社會參與及社會福利權實踐。在這一篇文章中，主要是以跨國婚姻移民的公民身分與社會福利權實踐的互動關係做為論述主軸，檢視當代以英國社會學家T.H. Marshall公民權理論做為社會福利制度建構的基礎，可能對跨國婚姻移民的社會福利權實踐產生的衝擊。並進一步透過英、美國家移民政策中公民身分的取得與社會福利權實踐的關連，剖析我國社會福利制度設計建立在身分證、落籍制度與家屬連帶責任，可能對婚姻移民社會福利權實踐的衝擊，並進而反思未來公民身分與社會福利權脫鉤處理的務實策略。

In the age of globalization, it is not easy to answer questions such as “who is citizen?” and “who can be a citizen?” due to these questions are not only involved with resource allocations but also related to debates on ideologies. In fact, immigrant women’s citizenship is not only related to cultural and political identities but also associated with the participation of civil life and the practice of social rights in daily living experience. This article concentrates on the discourses of the interaction between immigrant women’s citizenship and their social rights. The idea of T.H. Marshall’s social citizenship is examined to explore what degree of immigrant women’s social rights is influenced by his ideology of social citizenship. And, how the welfare system based on three requirements including household system, identification card, and family responsibility influencing the practice of immigrant women’s social rights is also analyzed. Finally, some strategies to resolve the dilemmas of citizenship and immigrant women’s social rights are provided.