餐旅產業實習生前瞻性格、自我效能與表現之研究：以信任為調節變項

Abstract

本研究透過縱貫設計，階段性的探討餐旅產業實習生其前瞻性格與實習表現之間的機制以及實習生對其主管的信任所產生的影響。本研究以於餐旅產業實習生為對象，檢驗自我效能於前瞻性格與相應表現間在實習方面的跨情境中介效果，以及實習生對其主管的信任是否會調節實習生前瞻性格與其實習自我效能的關係，並進一步探討對於前瞻性格較低的實習生，當其信任其實習主管時，實習生之實習自我效能是否會中介其前瞻性格與其實習表現間的關係。樣本包含於餐旅產業實習的176名大專院校餐旅管理（學）系學生。本研究透過問卷的方式進行兩階段資料的收集，間隔兩個月。研究結果指出餐旅產業實習生的實習自我效能皆會中介其前瞻性格與實習表現間的關係。此外，延宕分析的結果確認實習生的前瞻性格與實習自我效能間具有由上而下的方向性影響。然而，信任無法強化實習生前瞻性格與其實習自我效能的關係。但對前瞻性格較低的實習生來說，當實習生信任其主管時，實習生的實習自我效能才會中介前瞻性格與實習表現之間的關係。換言之，當實習生具備較高的前瞻性格時，可提升該實習生的實習自我效能，並進一步使其展現較佳的實習表現。反之，對於前瞻性格較低的實習生，則可透過其對實習主管的信任補強學生前瞻性格與實習自我效能間的關係，進而使其也能具有良好的實習表現。最後，本研究建議未來研究可針對實習生的前瞻實習表現進行分類，例如：工作行為、策略行為、或適配行為，以及可針對環境中觸發實習生前瞻性格展現的情境效果和作用的時機進行探究。

Through longitudinal design, the present study examined the mechanism between interns’ proactive personality and their performance in internship and the influence of trust on interns. In this study, hospitality interns were recruited. The mediation effect of internship self-efficacy on the relation of interns’ proactive personality and their performance in internship has been examined. Then, the perceived trust of interns in their supervisors has been investigated to see whether it will strengthen the link between proactive personality and internship self-efficacy. Further, to the interns with lower proactive personality, this study also examined whether internship self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between proactive personality and performance in internship when they highly trust their supervisor. The participants were 176 hospitality interns who major in hospitality management in Taiwan. By questionnaire, data were collected with 2 time points with a 2-month interval. The results indicated that internship self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between interns’ proactive personality and their performance in internship. In addition, cross-legged analysis revealed that there is a top-down directional effect between proactive personality and internship self-efficacy. However, trust would not strengthen the relation between proactive personality and internship self-efficacy. For the interns with lower proactive personality, when they highly trust their supervisors, their internship self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between their proactive personality and their performance in internship. In other words, when interns possess higher proactive personality, it could increase their internship self-efficacy and then perform better. On the contrary, to the interns who have lower proactive personality, the relationship between proactive personality and internship self-efficacy could be strength by the trust perception from supervisors and further improve their performance. Finally, future study could classify interns’ proactive performance, for example, job behaviors, strategic behaviors, or fit behaviors, and explore the contextual effects and the occasions which would induce the expression of proactive personality.