健美選手心理韌性與正念傾向之研究

Abstract

目的：本研究目的是探討國內不同背景變項健美選手在心理韌性與正念傾向之相關。先前研究已明確指出心理韌性、正念對提升運動表現有正向影響，但未有針對健美選手心理能力之研究探討。本研究探討不同背景變項之健美選手在心理韌性、正念傾向之差異。方法：本研究實驗參與者為198位年齡介於16至55歲現役男、女性健美選手，且在近五年獲獎前五名之選手。研究結果：在性別方面，心理韌性、當下注意力男性顯著高於女性；在總訓練年資方面，正念傾向、當下注意力在12年以上組顯著高於介於2-4年組；參賽年資方面，正念傾向、當下注意力在8年以上組顯著差異2-4年組；在相關結果部分，心理韌性與正念傾向，在「接納」與心理韌性達最高相關性。結論：其一，男性健美選手在心理韌性以及自信心表現較女性選手優異；其二，總訓練年資較長和參賽年資較多選手皆具有對訓練投入、專注度之優勢，容易達到心流狀態，影響未來成績表現。其三，提高健美選手心理韌性，可以關注在正念傾向的「接納」能力之發展。基於本研究發現，未來研究可進一步聚焦正念傾向次項接納對健美選手心理韌性提升之影響，以幫助選手提高表現並促進其身心的全面發展。

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between mental toughness and mindfulness traits among domestic bodybuilders with different background variables. Previous research has clearly indicated that mental toughness and mindfulness positively impact sports performance, but no studies have specifically examined the psychological capabilities of bodybuilders. This research investigates the differences in mental toughness and mindfulness traits among bodybuilders with various background variables. Methods: The participants in this study were 198 active male and female bodybuilders aged 16 to 55, who placed in the top five in competitions within the past five years. Results: In terms of gender, mental toughness and present-moment attention were significantly higher in male athletes compared to female athletes. Regarding total years of training, mindfulness traits and present-moment attention were significantly higher in the group with over 12 years of training experience compared to the group with 2-4 years of training experience. In terms of competition experience, mindfulness traits and present-moment attention were significantly higher in the group with over 8 years of competitive experience compared to the group with 2-4 years of competitive experience. The correlation analysis revealed that the"acceptance" component of mindfulness had the highest correlation with mental toughness. Conclusion: First, male bodybuilding athletes exhibited superior mental toughness and confidence compared to female athletes. Second, athletes with longer total training experience and more competition experience demonstrated greater investment in training and higher levels of focus, making it easier for them to achieve a state of flow, which positively impacts their future performance. Third, to enhance themental toughness of bodybuilding athletes, attention should be given to developing the"acceptance" aspect of mindfulness traits. Based on the findings of this study, future research can further focus on the impact of the acceptance component of mindfulness traits on improving mental toughness among bodybuilding athletes. This would help athletes enhance their performance and promote comprehensive development of their physical and mental well-being.