運用設計思考改善職場久坐行為-以某銀行職場為例

Abstract

本研究目的旨在運用設計思考探討銀行職場久坐問題，發展改善員工久坐介入措施，並進行成效評量。研究對象為某銀行員工，研究方法依據Stanford d.School所提出設計思考 (Design Thinking)五個步驟執行。在「同理」及「定義」階段，透過問卷調查50名員工，發現員工每個工作日坐著小時數平均為 7.56小時，肌肉骨骼痠痛調查以頸部、肩部、右手/右手腕部位不適較多，慢性病及下背痛/椎間盤突出病史與久坐呈顯著差異，另訪談10名員工，發現員工幾乎所有工作時間皆採坐姿，上下樓以搭乘電梯為主，加上公司規定因應防疫禁止走到其他樓層等，使得工作時更難有機會走動，較可以起來走動時刻為裝水、上廁所等。在「發想」階段，透過工作小組進行腦力激盪，發想及設計適合介入措施，如減少久坐行為提醒、衛生教育資訊及講座等。在「原型」階段，設計介入措施包(計時器、水杯、計步器及介入措施日誌)、建立LINE@群組發送提醒避免久坐訊息、規劃講座活動等策略。在「測試」階段，邀請10名員工，進行為期三週介入，並分析介入成效，結果發現員工工作日每日坐著小時數從介入前7.82小時減少到介入後的6.54小時，顯示介入措施可降低員工工作日坐著時數，介入措施也可降低員工頸部、肩部、右手手腕及臀部與大腿疼痛指數，另訪談發現介入措施可提升員工覺察久坐行為，進而採取行動。本研究顯示運用設計思考可改善員工久坐行為，建議相關職場可推廣此介入予更多員工，並進一步優化介入措施。By applying design thinking, this study aims to explore the issue of sedentary behaviours in the workplace in the banking sector, develop interventions to improve this problem among employees, and evaluate their effectiveness. It drew on the five-step process of design thinking proposed by the Stanford d. School as the methodology, with bank employees as the research targets. In the ‘Empathise’ and ‘Define’ phases, a questionnaire survey was administered to 50 employees; the results showed that employees spent an average of 7.56 hours sitting per working day. A survey on musculoskeletal pain revealed that discomfort in the neck, shoulders, and right hand/wrist was most commonly reported among them, and that medical histories of chronic illnesses and lumbago/spinal disc herniation were positively correlated with excessive sitting. Interviews were also conducted with ten employees, while the results showed that they spent almost all of their working time in a sitting position and used elevators as the primary means to move between floors. Additionally, employees had fewer occasions to walk around because of factors such as company rules against travelling to other floors to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The only opportunities for moving around were to fetch water and visit the restroom. During the ‘Ideate’ phase, a task force was set up to brainstorm, ideate, and design appropriate interventions such as reminders to reduce sedentary behaviours, health education-related information, and talks. The ‘Prototype’ phase involved strategies such as designing an intervention pack (containing a timer, drinking cup, step counter, and an intervention journal), setting up a group chat on the mobile application ‘LINE’ to send reminders to avoid excessive sitting and related messages, and planning talks and related events. During the ‘Test’ phase, ten employees were invited to undergo a three-week intervention programme, the effectiveness of which was then analysed. The results showed a reduction in the number of hours spent sitting per working day from 7.82 to 6.54 hours after the programme, thus indicating that the interventions were effective in reducing employees’ sitting time per working day. In terms of the pain index, the interventions also lowered the employees’ pain ratings for the neck, shoulder, right hand/wrist, and hip/thigh areas. Meanwhile, the interviews showed that they promoted employees’ awareness of sedentary behaviours, leading them to take actions accordingly. This study demonstrated that design thinking can be applied to improve sedentary behaviours among employees. Workplaces are recommended to further optimise and extend these interventions to more employees.